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. 2019 May 10:10:1024.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01024. eCollection 2019.

Impact of Leptospermone, a Natural β-Triketone Herbicide, on the Fungal Composition and Diversity of Two Arable Soils

Clarisse Mallet  1 , Sana Romdhane  2   3 , Camille Loiseau  1 , Jérémie Béguet  2 , Fabrice Martin-Laurent  2 , Christophe Calvayrac  3   4 , Lise Barthelmebs  3   4
Affiliations

Impact of Leptospermone, a Natural β-Triketone Herbicide, on the Fungal Composition and Diversity of Two Arable Soils

Clarisse Mallet et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Impact of leptospermone, a β-triketone bioherbicide, was investigated on the fungal community which supports important soil ecological functions such as decomposition of organic matter and nutrients recycling. This study was done in a microcosm experiment using two French soils, Perpignan (P) and Saint-Jean-de-Fos (SJF), differing in their physicochemical properties and history treatment with synthetic β-triketones. Soil microcosms were treated with leptospermone at recommended dose and incubated under controlled conditions for 45 days. Untreated microcosms were used as control. Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the fungal rRNA revealed significant changes in fungal community structure and diversity in both soils. Xylariales, Hypocreales, Pleosporales and Capnodiales (Ascomycota phyla) fungi and those belonging to Sebacinales, Cantharellales, Agaricales, Polyporales, Filobasidiales and Tremellales orders (Basidiomycota phyla) were well represented in treated soil microcosms compared to control. Nevertheless, while for the treated SJF a complete recovery of the fungal community was observed at the end of the experiment, this was not the case for the P treated soil, although no more bioherbicide remained. Indeed, the relative abundance of most of the saprophytic fungi were lower in treated soil compared to control microcosms whereas fungi from parasitic fungi included in Spizellomycetales and Pezizales orders increased. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only study assessing the effect of the bioherbicide leptospermone on the composition and diversity of the fungal community in soil. This study showed that leptospermone has an impact on α- and β-diversity of the fungal community. It underlines the possible interest of microbial endpoints for environmental risk assessment of biopesticide.

Keywords: bioherbicide; fungal community; leptospermone; microbial ecotoxicology; soil.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Relative abundance (expressed as % of the total number of OTUs) of fungal (A) phyla and (B) orders (level of class membership was also reported) in P and SJF soils microcosms exposed to leptospermone applied at the agronomical dose (D1) or not (D0) for 0, 4 and 45 days (d0, d4, d45). ∗represented subphylum level.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) of the effect of leptospermone applied at the agronomical dose (D1) as compared to the control (D0) on the structure of the fungal community composition of P and SJF soils at 0, 4 and 45 days (d0, d4, d45). Percent of variance explained by the first two axis of the PCoA is given.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
sPLSDA analysis (A) of the effect of leptospermone applied at the agronomical dose (D1) on the fungal community composition in P soil at 4 and 45 days (d4, d45) as compared to control (D0) (95% confidence level ellipse plots). Heatmap plot (B) representing the relative abundances of OTUs picked up using sPLSDA in P soil microcosms (numbers in brackets denote replicate).
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
sPLSDA analysis (A) of the effect of leptospermone applied at the agronomical dose (D1) on the fungal community composition in SJF soil at 4 and 45 days (d4, d45) as compared to control (D0) (95% confidence level ellipse plots). Heatmap plot (B) representing the relative abundances of OTUs picked up using sPLSDA in SJF soil microcosms (numbers in brackets denote replicate).
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