The performance and potential of the Australasian Health Star Rating system: a four-year review using the RE-AIM framework

Abstract

Objective: The Health Star Rating (HSR) is a front-of-pack nutrition labelling system, implemented voluntarily in Australia and New Zealand since 2014. Our aim was to evaluate HSR's performance.

Method: We used data from peer-reviewed publications and government-commissioned monitoring and evaluation, websites and communiqués to evaluate HSR's performance between June 2014 and October 2018 using the RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) framework.

Results: Thirty-three peer-reviewed publications, 21 government and three independent reports informed the assessment. Awareness and trust in HSR was increasing, though campaign reach remained low. Consumers liked, could understand and use the HSR logo, though effects on purchasing were largely unknown. The algorithm was the focus of a formal review. HSR was present on 20-28% of products but biased to those that scored better (HSR≥3.0). Necessary stakeholders were mostly engaged.

Conclusions: A substantial body of work supports continuation and strengthening of HSR. Reasonable refinements to HSR's star graphic and algorithm, action to initiate mandatory implementation, and strengthened HSR governance present the clearest opportunities for improving public health impact. Implications for public health: Development and implementation of government-led front-of-pack nutrition labelling systems have the potential to improve public health, while engaging a diverse set of stakeholders.

Keywords: food labelling; food policy; health star rating; nutrition; obesity.