Unusual immunoglobulin DNA sequences from the nonexpressed chromosome of mouse normal B lymphocytes: implications for allelic exclusion and the DNA rearrangement process

Abstract

Allelic exclusion of immunoglobulin gene products results in the expression of only one of two possible alleles in normal B lineage cells. Attempts to define the role of heavy chain gene rearrangements in this process have revealed the nonexpressed allele to be rarely in its germline context, but rather incompletely rearranged (D/J rearrangements) or completely rearranged (V/D/J rearrangements) and in a context that cannot be expressed as a protein. Nearly all DNA sequences of heavy chain genes from the nonexpressed allele have originated from plasmacytomas, virus-induced pre-B leukemias, and hybridomas--all clonal cell lines perhaps altered by the neoplastic process. In this communication, we present the first examples of isolation and DNA sequence analysis of heavy chain gene rearrangements from the nonexpressed allele of normal B lymphocytes. Splenic B lymphocytes from allotype heterozygous (BALB/c X C57BL/6J)F1 mice expressing the BALB/c IgD allotype were detected with a monoclonal antibody, H10-4.22, to the BALB/c delta chain genetic marker and were isolated with a FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorter). lambda phage clones containing the JH gene region from the sorted cells were isolated, and those containing sequences derived from the C57BL/6J nonexpressed chromosome were identified by a restriction fragment length polymorphism. DNA sequences of seven rearranged clones from the nonexpressed allele are presented. Five of these rearrangements have unexpected compositions. Four of the five clones contain V/D/J rearrangements with no obvious impediments to expression generated by the rearrangements. The novel variable region gene in one of these V/D/J rearrangements is a member of a newly described VH gene family. The fifth clone has a 3.5 kb deletion removing all of the JH gene segments. The remaining two clones contain D/J rearrangements that are typical of the initial stage of variable region assembly. These findings suggest that the mechanisms that generate nontranslatable heavy chains do not exclusively account for allelic exclusion. Rather, several different mechanisms may contribute to the establishment of allelic exclusion in normal B lymphocytes.