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Review
. 2019 Jul;118(7):2009-2026.
doi: 10.1007/s00436-019-06343-5. Epub 2019 May 31.

Anticoccidial drugs of the livestock industry

Sandra Noack  1 , H David Chapman  2 , Paul M Selzer  3
Affiliations
Review

Anticoccidial drugs of the livestock industry

Sandra Noack et al. Parasitol Res. 2019 Jul.

Abstract

Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of a wide variety of animals caused by coccidian protozoa. The coccidia are responsible for major economic losses of the livestock industry. For example, the annual cost due to coccidiosis to the global poultry industry has been estimated to exceed US$ 3 billion annually. Currently available drugs for the control of this disease are either polyether ionophorous antibiotics that are derived from fermentation products, or synthetic compounds, produced by chemical synthesis. Unfortunately, no new drugs in either category have been approved for use for decades. Resistance has been documented for all those of the drugs currently employed and therefore the discovery of novel drugs with unique modes of action is imperative if chemotherapy is to remain the principal means to control this disease. This chapter aims to give an overview of the efficacy and mode of action of the current compounds used to control coccidiosis in livestock and provides a brief outlook of research needs for the future.

Keywords: Anticoccidials; Chemicals; Coccidiosis; Ionophores; Livestock; Mode of action; Resistance.

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Conflict of interest statement

SN and PS are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, an organization with commercial interest in the animal health market. HDC is a member of the University of Arkansas, declaring no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Ionophores used as anticoccidials. While salinomycin, narasin, maduramicin, semduramicin, and monensin (a–e) belong to the monovalent ionophores, lasalocid (f) is a divalent ionphore
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Synthetic anticoccidial APIs
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The global anticoccidial poultry market. a Endoparasiticides make up 85% of the total global anticoccidial poultry market; b the North American and European poultry market are currently the most relevant ones (Boehringer Ingelheim internal analysis 2016)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Chemical structures of arprinocid and buquinolate
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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