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Comparative Study
. 2019 Aug;28(8):981-984.
doi: 10.1111/exd.13980.

Ageing significantly impacts the biomechanical function and structural composition of skin

Abigail K Langton  1   2 , Helen K Graham  1   2 , Christopher E M Griffiths  1   2 , Rachel E B Watson  1   2
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Ageing significantly impacts the biomechanical function and structural composition of skin

Abigail K Langton et al. Exp Dermatol. 2019 Aug.

Abstract

Skin ageing is a complex process involving the additive effects of skin's interaction with its external environment, predominantly chronic sun exposure, upon a background of time-dependent intrinsic ageing. Here, using non-invasive cutometry and ballistometry, we explore the consequences of ageing on the biomechanical function of skin in otherwise healthy White Northern European volunteers. Intrinsic skin ageing caused biomechanical decline; skin loses both resilience (P < 0.01) and elasticity (P < 0.001), which is characterised histologically by modest effacement of rete ridges (P < 0.05) and disorganisation of papillary dermal elastic fibres. At photoexposed sites, biomechanical testing identified significant loss of biomechanical function-particularly in the aged cohort. Photoaged forearm displayed severe loss of resilience (P < 0.001) and elasticity (P < 0.001); furthermore with repetitive testing, fatigue (P < 0.001), hysteresis (P < 0.001) and viscous "creep" (P < 0.001) were exacerbated. Histologically, both young and aged forearm displayed flattening of rete ridges and disruption to the arrangement of elastic fibres. We conclude that maintenance of skin architecture is inherently associated with optimal biomechanical properties. Modest perturbations to skin architecture-as exemplified by intrinsic ageing-result in moderate functional decline. Chronic sun exposure causes fundamental changes to the clinical and histological appearance of skin, and these are reflected by an extreme alteration in biomechanical function.

Keywords: ageing; biomechanics; collagen; extracellular matrix.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared no conflicting interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The biomechanical properties of young and aged skin were determined using the Cutometer® (A & C) and the Ballistometer (B & D). Immunofluorescence staining of elastin (green) and fibrillin‐1 (red) in photoprotected buttock and photoexposed forearm of young and aged individuals (E). Picrosirius red staining for organised fibrillar collagens in photoprotected buttock and photoexposed forearm of young and aged individuals (F). Scale bar = 50 µm
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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