Impact of Contextual Factors on External Load During a Congested-Fixture Tournament in Elite U'18 Basketball Players

Abstract

An understanding of basketball physical demands during official matches is fundamental for designing specific training, tactical, and strategic plans as well as recovery methods during congested fixture periods. Such assessments can be performed using wearable indoor time motion tracking systems. The purpose of this study was to analyze the time-motion profile of under 18-years of age (U'18) basketball players and compare their physical demands in relation to team ranking, playing position, match periods and consecutive matches during a 7-day tournament. Relative Distance (RD), percentage of High-Intensity Running (%HIR), Player Load (PL), Acceleration (Acc), Deceleration (Dec), Peak Speed (PSpeed), and Peak Acceleration (PAcc) were recorded from 94 players (13 centers, 47 forwards, and 34 guards) belonging to eight elite teams (age: 17.6 ± 0.8 years; height: 1.91 ± 0.08 m; body mass: 82.5 ± 8.8 kg). WIMU PRO^TM inertial measurement units with ultra-wide band (UWB) indoor-tracking technology recorded 13 matches during the Adidas Next Generation Tournament Finals in the 2016-2017 season. Paired t-tests and one-way analyses of variance with omega partial squared ( ${\omega }_p^2$ ) and Cohen's effect sizes (d) were used to analyze for differences between variables. According to team quality, the best teams had lower RD (p = 0.04; d = -0.14). Guards presented higher RD (p < 0.01; ${\omega }_p^2$ = 0.03), PSpeed (p < 0.01; ${\omega }_p^2$ = 0.01) and PAcc (p < 0.01; ${\omega }_p^2$ = 0.02) compared to forwards and centers. The first quarter showed differences with higher RD (p < 0.01; ${\omega }_p^2$ = 0.03), %HIR (p < 0.01; ${\omega }_p^2$ = 0.02), and PL (p < 0.01; ${\omega }_p^2$ = 0.04) compared to all other quarters. The third match of the tournament presented higher demands in RD (p < 0.01; ${\omega }_p^2$ = 0.03), HIR (p < 0.01; ${\omega }_p^2$ = 0.01) and PL (p < 0.01; ${\omega }_p^2$ = 0.02) compared with the first two matches. This study showed that team quality, playing position, match period, and consecutive matches throughout an U'18 basketball tournament influenced the kinematic demands experienced by players during official competition. Therefore, each of these contextual factors should be considered in managing the load and developing individualized strategies for players in tournament settings.

Keywords: external load; indoor; kinematics; team sports; ultra-wide band.

FIGURE 1

Diagram to show the match distribution throughout the tournament.

FIGURE 2

Ultra-Wide Band Antennae court setting/positions.

FIGURE 3

Intensity variables by final tournament ranking (best four teams vs. worst four teams). ^∗p < 0.05.

FIGURE 4

Consecutive match demands variation throughout the tournament. ^∗p < 0.05.