Perineuronal Nets: Plasticity, Protection, and Therapeutic Potential

Amy C Reichelt¹, Dominic J Hare², Timothy J Bussey³, Lisa M Saksida³

Affiliations

¹ BrainsCAN, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: areiche4@uwo.ca.
² The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre at the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
³ BrainsCAN, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.

PMID: 31174916
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.04.003

Review

Perineuronal Nets: Plasticity, Protection, and Therapeutic Potential

Amy C Reichelt et al. Trends Neurosci. 2019 Jul.

. 2019 Jul;42(7):458-470.

doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.04.003. Epub 2019 Jun 4.

Authors

Amy C Reichelt¹, Dominic J Hare², Timothy J Bussey³, Lisa M Saksida³

Affiliations

¹ BrainsCAN, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: areiche4@uwo.ca.
² The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre at the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
³ BrainsCAN, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.

PMID: 31174916
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.04.003

Abstract

The relationship between neurons and perineuronal nets (PNNs) is attracting attention as a central mechanism controlling brain plasticity. In the cortex, PNNs primarily surround inhibitory parvalbumin interneurons, playing roles as both a regulator of synaptic plasticity and a protective barrier. PNNs have a delayed developmental trajectory and are key components in the closure of critical periods of heightened neuroplasticity. In animal models, manipulating PNNs outside this critical window can enhance cognition, suggesting a potentially therapeutic approach for attenuating cognitive decline. However, the crucial role of PNNs in plasticity and protection means that such therapeutic modulation must strike a careful balance: manipulation of PNNs to promote plasticity may have unintended negative consequences resulting from excessive plasticity or from exposure of neurons to neurotoxins.

Keywords: critical periods; memory; neuroprotection; parvalbumin interneurons; perineuronal nets; plasticity.

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Perineuronal Nets: Plasticity, Protection, and Therapeutic Potential

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Perineuronal Nets: Plasticity, Protection, and Therapeutic Potential

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