Sex workers' experiences and occupational conditions post-implementation of end-demand criminalization in Metro Vancouver, Canada
- PMID: 31183630
- PMCID: PMC6825525
- DOI: 10.17269/s41997-019-00226-z
Sex workers' experiences and occupational conditions post-implementation of end-demand criminalization in Metro Vancouver, Canada
Abstract
Objectives: In 2014, Canada introduced end-demand criminalization (the Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act (PCEPA)), criminalizing purchase of sexual services while leaving the sale of sex legal. We assessed factors correlated with self-reported changes in working conditions post-PCEPA among sex workers (SWs) in Metro Vancouver.
Methods: Post-PCEPA data for one year were drawn from a community-based cohort of SWs. We analyzed self-reported changes in working conditions among 299 participants who worked prior to PCEPA and were asked about working conditions post-PCEPA. Multivariate GEE analysis evaluated factors correlated with negative changes post-PCEPA, including reduced capacity to screen clients and reduced access to workspaces/clients.
Results: Most (72.2%) experienced no change in working conditions, and 26.4% reported negative changes (e.g., reduced ability to screen clients or reduced access to workspaces/clients). Reporting negative changes was correlated with being an im/migrant to Canada (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.79, 95% CI 1.59-4.92) and recent physical workplace violence (AOR 4.01, 95% CI 1.12-14.40). In sub-analysis, physical/sexual workplace violence (AOR 3.77, 95% CI 1.17-12.16) and living in the suburbs of Richmond/Burnaby (AOR 2.81, 95% CI 1.15-6.84) correlated with reduced screening capacity; incarceration (AOR 2.98, 95% CI 1.04-8.57) and being an im/migrant (AOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.14-4.99) correlated with reduced access to workspaces/clients.
Conclusions: Most SWs reported no change in working conditions and one quarter reported negative changes, suggesting that PCEPA may be failing to advance sex workers' safety. Im/migrants, women experiencing workplace violence, and those facing criminalization were most likely to report negative impacts. Decriminalization of all aspects of sex work is needed to support well-being, health, and safety.
Objectifs: Depuis 2014 (avec la Loi sur la protection des collectivités et des personnes victimes d’exploitation, LPCPVE), le Canada criminalise la « demande finale » de services sexuels en sanctionnant l’achat de tels services tout en dépénalisant la vente de relations sexuelles. Nous avons évalué les facteurs corrélés aux changements autodéclarés des conditions de travail post-LPCPVE des travailleuses du sexe (TS) du District régional du Grand Vancouver.
Méthode: Une année de données post-LPCPVE proviennent d’une cohorte communautaire de TS. Nous avons analysé les changements autodéclarés dans les conditions de travail de 299 participantes ayant travaillé avant la LPCPVE, à qui nous avons posé des questions sur leurs conditions de travail après la LPCPVE. Au moyen d’une analyse multivariée avec des équations d’estimation généralisées (EEG), nous avons évalué les facteurs corrélés aux changements négatifs après la LPCPVE, dont la capacité réduite de sélectionner les clients et d’accéder aux espaces de travail ou aux clients.
Résultats: La plupart des répondantes (72,2 %) n’ont connu aucun changement de leurs conditions de travail, et 26,4 % ont fait état de changements négatifs (p. ex. la capacité réduite de sélectionner les clients ou d’accéder aux espaces de travail ou aux clients). La déclaration de changements négatifs était corrélée au statut de migrante ou d’immigrante au Canada (rapport de cotes ajusté (RCa) 2,79, IC 95% 1,59-4,92) et à la violence physique récente au travail (RCa 4,01, IC 95% 1,12-14,40). Dans nos sous-analyses, la violence physique ou sexuelle au travail (RCa 3,77, IC 95% 1,17-12,16) et le fait d’habiter en banlieue, à Richmond ou Burnaby (RCa 2,81, IC 95% 1,15-6,84), étaient corrélés avec une capacité de sélection réduite; l’incarcération (RCa 2,98, IC 95% 1,04-8,57) et le statut de migrante ou d’immigrante (RCa 2,39 IC 95% 1,14-4,99) étaient corrélés à l’accès réduit aux espaces de travail ou aux clients.
Conclusions: La plupart des TS n’ont déclaré aucun changement de leurs conditions de travail, mais le quart ont fait état de changements négatifs, ce qui indique que la LPCPVE pourrait ne pas améliorer la sécurité des travailleuses du sexe. Les femmes migrantes ou immigrantes, les femmes ayant subi de la violence au travail et celles confrontées à la criminalisation étaient les plus susceptibles de faire état d’effets nuisibles. Une décriminalisation de tous les aspects du travail du sexe est nécessaire pour favoriser le bien-être, la santé et la sécurité.
Keywords: Criminalization; Immigration; Nordic model; Occupational health; PCEPA; Sex work.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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