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. 2019 Apr-Jun;26(2):80-86.
doi: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_59_19.

Pattern of prevalent Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Zaria, Nigeria

Abdurrahman Elfulaty Ahmad  1 , Adamu Girei Bakari  1 , Bolanle Olufunke Priscilla Musa  1 , Shettima Kagu Mustapha  1 , Bello Yusuf Jamoh  1 , Idris Nasir Abdullahi  2 , Mohammed Ibrahim Tahir  2 , Abdulqadri Olarenwaju Olatunji  3 , Sumayya Hamza Maishanu  3 , Ahmed Babangida Suleiman  4 , Afolaranmi Tolulope  5 , Claudia Hawkins  6 , Atiene Solomon Sagay  7 , Ayuba Zoakah  5 , Adebola Tolulope Olayinka  8
Affiliations

Pattern of prevalent Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Zaria, Nigeria

Abdurrahman Elfulaty Ahmad et al. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2019 Apr-Jun.

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is hyperendemic in Nigeria. Available literature reveal genotype E as being predominant in West Africa. This study aimed at identifying the current pattern and prevalent genotypes of HBV in Zaria, Nigeria.

Materials and methods: Four millilitre of blood was collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-container from each of 165 HBV surface antigen-positive participants recruited purposively from the gastroenterology clinic from May to August, 2017. Plasma was separated and frozen at -20°C till analysis. Multiplex-nested polymerase chain reaction using type-specific primers was used to identify the various HBV genotypes.

Results: Median (and interquartile range) age of the participants was 31.0 (25.5-39.0) years, with males constituting 107 (64.8%). Majority (83.6%) of the samples analysed were HBV-DNA-positive with 82.6% of the HBV-DNA-positive samples being mixed genotype infections. Irrespective of mode of occurrence, five HBV genotypes were identified with HBV/E (97.1%) being the most predominant, followed by HBV/B (82.6%), HBV/A (24.6%), then HBV/C (17.4%), while HBV/D (0.7%) was the least prevalent.

Conclusion: In most (99.1%) of the mixed-infection were a combination of genotype E, the predominant genotype, with other genotypes predominantly genotype B. HBV genotypes E, B, A, C and D are the prevalent genotypes in Zaria, Nigeria, as they occur in single genotype and in mixed-genotypes pattern.

Keywords: Genotypes; Nigeria; Zaria; hepatitis B Virus; mixed-infection.

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Conflict of interest statement

None

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Proportion of HBV surface antigen-positive participants with HBV-DNA positivity and negativity by primer-specific nested polymerase chain reaction. A pie chart showing a greater proportion of the HBV-DNA-positive samples (138/165). HBV: Hepatitis B virus
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
Agarose gel electrophoretogram of HBV surface antigen-positive HBV DNA+ samples. Mix A and B identifying HBV genotypes A (68bp), B (281bp), C (122bp), D (119bp) and E (167bp). M: 100bp+ molecular marker; (−): Negative control; Representative samples 155–170 samples. HBV: Hepatitis B virus
Figure 3:
Figure 3:
Pattern of HBV infection in Zaria. Pie chart showing proportions of mono- and mixed-infections with HBV in HBV-DNA-positive patients in Zaria, Nigeria. HBV: Hepatitis B virus
Figure 4:
Figure 4:
Hepatitis B virus genotypes distribution in HBV-DNA-positive samples in Zaria. A bar chart showing HBV genotypes in mono- and mixed-infection patterns prevalent in Zaria, Nigeria. HBV: Hepatitis B virus
Figure 5:
Figure 5:
HBV single genotypes distribution in HBV-DNA-positive samples in Zaria. A column chart showing the prevalence of HBV genotypes in Zaria, Nigeria. HBV: Hepatitis B virus
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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