Do the Manual or Computer-Controlled Flowmeters Generate Similar Isoflurane Concentrations in Tafonius?

Abstract

Introduction: Tafonius is an anesthesia machine with computer-controlled monitor and ventilator. We compared the isoflurane fluctuations in the circuit with manual (MF) or computer-driven (CF) flowmeters, investigated the origin of the differences and assessed whether isoflurane concentration time course followed a one-compartment model. Material and Methods: A calibrated TEC-3 isoflurane vaporizer was used. Gas composition and flows were measured using a multiparametric monitor and a digital flowmeter. Measurements included: (1) Effects of various F_iO₂ with MF/CF on the isoflurane fraction changes in the breathing system during mechanical ventilation of a lung model; wash-in kinetic was fitted to a compartmental model; (2) Gas outflow at the common gas outlet (CGO) with MF/CF at different F_iO₂; (3) Isoflurane output of the vaporizer at various dial settings with MF/CF set at different flows without and with reduction of the CGO diameter. Results: (1) The 3% targeted isoflurane concentration was not reached; additional time was required to reach specific concentrations with CF (lowest F_iO₂, longer time). The exponential course fitted a two-compartment model; (2) Set and measured flows were identical with MF. With CF at 0.21 F_iO₂, flow was intermittently 7.6 L min^-1 or zero (mean total: 38% of the set flow); with CF at 1.00 F_iO₂, flow was 10.6 L min^-1 or zero (mean: 4-5.3 L min^-1); with 0.21 < F_iO₂ < 1.00, combined flow was intermittent (maximum output: 15.6 L min^-1); (3) With MF, isoflurane output was matching dial setting at 5 L min^-1 but was lower at higher flows; with CF generating intermittent flows, isoflurane output was fluctuating. With the 4 mm diameter CGO, isoflurane concentration was close to dial setting with both MF and CF. With a 14 G CGO, isoflurane concentration was lower than dial setting with MF, higher with CF. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Using MF or CF led to different isoflurane fraction time course in Tafonius. Flows were lower than set with CF; the TEC-3 did not compensate for high/intermittent flows and pressures; the CGO diameter influenced isoflurane output.

Keywords: TEC 3; Tafonius; anesthesia; flowmeter; horses; vaporizer; ventilator; veterinary.

Figure 1

Steps of investigation of the manual or computer-driven flowmeters' different performance on isoflurane changes in Tafonius.

Figure 2

Additional time (minutes) required to reach a specific isoflurane concentration in the breathing system of the Tafonius anesthesia machine during mechanical ventilation of a lung model (bag in a bottle) with a computer-driven flowmeter (CF) at different settings, compared to the use of a manual flowmeter at 5 L minute⁻¹. (A) Isoflurane increase from 0 to 3% (dial setting of a calibrated TEC 3 vaporizer). (B) Isoflurane decrease from 2.7 to 1%.

Figure 3

Predicted isoflurane time course to increase from 0 to 3% at 5 L min⁻¹ following a one-compartmental model of 40 L and an elimination of 5 L min⁻¹ (Ideal model), with an elimination of 5.52 L min⁻¹ (Ideal, higher Cl), and with a 2-compartments model of 40 L and an elimination of 5.52 L min⁻¹ (Ideal, 2 compartments), compared to the observed time course (Observed model).