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. 2019 May 22;5(5):e01777.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01777. eCollection 2019 May.

Antimicrobial resistance and its relationship with biofilm production and virulence-related factors in Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A

Neelja Singhal  1 , Anay Kumar Maurya  1 , Nambram Somendro Singh  1 , Manish Kumar  2 , Jugsharan Singh Virdi  1
Affiliations

Antimicrobial resistance and its relationship with biofilm production and virulence-related factors in Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A

Neelja Singhal et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibilities, biofilm production and, to discern a relationship between antimicrobial resistance, biofilm potential and virulence-related genes in strains of Yersinia entercocolitica biotype 1A. Thirty strains of Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A including clinical and non-clinical strains were investigated. Antimicrobial susceptibility for 15 antibiotics (representing different classes) was determined by disk-diffusion assay. Biofilm potential was determined on two different culture media using crystal violet assay. Also, a co-relation was studied between antimicrobial susceptibilities, biofilm production and virulence-related genes. All strains of biotype 1A produced biofilms and exhibited varied level of susceptibilities for different antibiotics. More than 60% of the strains were strong to moderate biofilm producers and, were exclusively associated with REP/ERIC clonal group B. Moderate and strong biofilm producers exhibited both sensitive and resistant phenotypes towards different antibiotics. Interestingly, weak biofilm producers were resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefazolin. Analysis of antimicrobial susceptibilities, biofilm potential and virulence-related genes did not reveal any unequivocal relationships. The differential biofilm potential of Indian strains of Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A, suggests that biotype 1A strains are heterogeneous in nature.

Keywords: Microbiology; Molecular biology.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Y. enterocolitica biotype strains using disc diffusion test.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A representative picture showing crystal violet bound to biofilms formed by various bacterial strains.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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