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. 2019 Apr-Jun;13(2):389-394.
doi: 10.4103/aer.AER_37_19.

A Comparative Clinical Study between Clonidine and Tramadol with Bupivacaine in Caudal Epidural for Postoperative Analgesia in Pediatric Surgery

S Amitha  1 , Vidyadhar Metri  2 , Thejeswini Mahadevaiah  3 , Yoganarasimha  4
Affiliations

A Comparative Clinical Study between Clonidine and Tramadol with Bupivacaine in Caudal Epidural for Postoperative Analgesia in Pediatric Surgery

S Amitha et al. Anesth Essays Res. 2019 Apr-Jun.

Abstract

Context: Adjuvants to bupivacaine for single shot caudal block in children.

Aims: This study entitled was conducted to compare the effects of addition of tramadol to bupivacaine over addition of clonidine to bupivacaine as a single shot caudal block in children.

Settings and design: Sixty children of ASA grade I and II in the age group of 2-12 years coming for various infra-umbilical surgeries were included.

Materials and methods: They were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group BC received caudal bupivacaine 0.25% 0.5ml/kg with clonidine 2 mcg/kg Group BT received caudal bupivacaine 0.25% 0.5 ml/kg with tramadol 2 mg/kg. The main parameters studied were hemodynamic changes, duration of post-operative analgesia and incidence of adverse effects.

Statistical analysis used: The results of continuous variables are given as mean ± SD and proportion as percentage. The difference between the two groups was assessed by student's - t test and chi-square test.

Results: The mean duration of post-operative analgesia in group BT was statistically significant (P <0.001), reducing the requirement of analgesics in group BT. There was no difference in sedation score, nausea, vomiting, urinary retention.

Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that caudal administration of bupivacaine 0.25% 0.5 ml/kg with tramadol 2 mg/kg resulted in superior analgesia with longer duration of action and reduced requirement of analgesics in first 24 hours postoperatively when compared with 0.25% bupivacaine 0.5 ml/kg with clonidine 2 mcg/kg.

Keywords: Adjuvants; caudal space; epidural space; post operative analgesia; sedation.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

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Age distribution
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Mean weight
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Mean height
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Sex distribution
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Mean duration of surgery
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Incidence of complications
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Sedation scoring
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Mean duration of postoperative analgesia
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Number of times analgesics given in first 24 h
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