Review

. 2019 Jun 12;20(12):2874.

doi: 10.3390/ijms20122874.

A Review of a Class of Emerging Contaminants: The Classification, Distribution, Intensity of Consumption, Synthesis Routes, Environmental Effects and Expectation of Pollution Abatement to Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs)

Jiawen Yang^{1

2}, Yuanyuan Zhao^{3

4}, Minghao Li^{5

6}, Meijin Du^{7

8}, Xixi Li⁹, Yu Li^{10

11}

Affiliations

¹ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. yangjiawen236@163.com.
² The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. yangjiawen236@163.com.
³ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. zyy950210@outlook.com.
⁴ The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. zyy950210@outlook.com.
⁵ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. limh8765@hotmail.com.
⁶ The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. limh8765@hotmail.com.
⁷ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. mjdu0401@outlook.com.
⁸ The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. mjdu0401@outlook.com.
⁹ Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada. xixi.li@mun.ca.
¹⁰ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. liyuxx8@hotmail.com.
¹¹ The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. liyuxx8@hotmail.com.

PMID: 31212857
PMCID: PMC6627825
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122874

Review

A Review of a Class of Emerging Contaminants: The Classification, Distribution, Intensity of Consumption, Synthesis Routes, Environmental Effects and Expectation of Pollution Abatement to Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs)

Jiawen Yang et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2019.

. 2019 Jun 12;20(12):2874.

doi: 10.3390/ijms20122874.

Authors

Jiawen Yang^{1

2}, Yuanyuan Zhao^{3

4}, Minghao Li^{5

6}, Meijin Du^{7

8}, Xixi Li⁹, Yu Li^{10

11}

Affiliations

¹ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. yangjiawen236@163.com.
² The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. yangjiawen236@163.com.
³ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. zyy950210@outlook.com.
⁴ The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. zyy950210@outlook.com.
⁵ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. limh8765@hotmail.com.
⁶ The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. limh8765@hotmail.com.
⁷ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. mjdu0401@outlook.com.
⁸ The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. mjdu0401@outlook.com.
⁹ Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada. xixi.li@mun.ca.
¹⁰ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. liyuxx8@hotmail.com.
¹¹ The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. liyuxx8@hotmail.com.

PMID: 31212857
PMCID: PMC6627825
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122874

Abstract

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have been detected in various environmental matrices and have been identified as emerging contaminants (EC). Given the adverse influence of OPFRs, many researchers have focused on the absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism, and internal exposure processes of OPFRs in animals and humans. This paper first reviews the evolution of various types of flame retardants (FRs) and the environmental pollution of OPFRs, the different absorption pathways of OPFRs by animals and humans (such as inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption and absorption), and then summarizes the environmental impacts of OPFRs, including their biological toxicity, bioaccumulation, persistence, migration, endocrine disruption and carcinogenicity. Based on limited available data and results, this study also summarizes the bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential of OPFRs in different types of biological and food nets. In addition, a new governance idea for the replacement of existing OPFRs from the source is proposed, seeking environmentally friendly alternatives to OPFRs in order to provide new ideas and theoretical guidance for the removal of OPFRs.

Keywords: distribution; environmental impacts; organophosphate flame retardants; pollution abatement; synthetic routes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Synthetic routes of five Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs).

**Figure 2**
Sketch diagram of consumption of several main flame retardants in different years.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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A Review of a Class of Emerging Contaminants: The Classification, Distribution, Intensity of Consumption, Synthesis Routes, Environmental Effects and Expectation of Pollution Abatement to Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs)

Affiliations

A Review of a Class of Emerging Contaminants: The Classification, Distribution, Intensity of Consumption, Synthesis Routes, Environmental Effects and Expectation of Pollution Abatement to Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs)

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