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Review
. 2019 May 24:14:3875-3892.
doi: 10.2147/IJN.S205574. eCollection 2019.

A brief review of cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine

Xuan Liu  1 , Ziying Yang  1 , Jiacheng Sun  1 , Teng Ma  1 , Fei Hua  1 , Zhenya Shen  1
Affiliations
Review

A brief review of cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine

Xuan Liu et al. Int J Nanomedicine. .

Abstract

Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells have shown great promise for application in regenerative medicine owing to their particular therapeutic effects, such as significant self-renewability, low immunogenicity, and ability to differentiate into a variety of specialized cells. However, there remain certain complicated and unavoidable problems that limit their further development and application. One of the challenges is to noninvasively monitor the delivery and biodistribution of transplanted stem cells during treatment without relying on behavioral endpoints or tissue histology, and it is important to explore the potential mechanisms to clarify how stem cells work in vivo. To solve these problems, various nanoparticles (NPs) and their corresponding imaging methods have been developed recently and have made great progress. In this review, we mainly discuss NPs used to label stem cells and their toxic effects on the latter, the imaging techniques to detect such NPs, and the current existing challenges in this field.

Keywords: imaging methods; mesenchymal stem cells; nanoparticles; toxic effects.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The timeline of the development of different nanoparticles and the related imaging methods (representative articles). Timeline of (A) QDs, (B) silica NPs, (C) SPIONs, (D) PLNPs, (E) polymer NPs, (F) gold NPs. Abbreviations: QDs, quantum dots; PAMAM, polyamidoamine; NPs, nanoparticles; SPIONs, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles; RGD, arginine-glycine-aspartic; LPLNP-TAT, TAT penetrating peptide-bioconjugated long-persistent luminescence nanoparticles; FI, fluorescent imaging; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MPI, magnetic particle imaging PI, photoacoustic imaging; TEM, transmission electron microscope; CT, computed tomography.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The toxic effects of NPs on cell viability, morphology, immunophenotype, metabolism, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of stem cells. Abbreviation: NPs, nanoparticles.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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