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Meta-Analysis
. 2019 Jul 2;8(13):e012447.
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012447. Epub 2019 Jun 19.

Early Versus Delayed Stroke After Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mario Gaudino  1 , Mohammed Rahouma  1 , Michele Di Mauro  1 , Bobby Yanagawa  2 , Ahmed Abouarab  1 , Michelle Demetres  3 , Antonino Di Franco  1 , Mohammed J Arisha  4 , Dina A Ibrahim  1 , Massimo Baudo  1 , Leonard N Girardi  1 , Stephen Fremes  5
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Early Versus Delayed Stroke After Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mario Gaudino et al. J Am Heart Assoc. .

Abstract

Background Although it is traditionally regarded as a single entity, perioperative stroke comprises 2 separate phenomena (early/intraoperative and delayed/postoperative stroke). We aimed to systematically evaluate incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcome of early and delayed stroke after cardiac surgery. Methods and Results A systematic review ( MEDLINE , EMBASE , Cochrane Library) was performed to identify all articles reporting early (on awakening from anesthesia) and delayed (after normal awakening from anesthesia) stroke after cardiac surgery. End points were pooled event rates of stroke and operative mortality and incident rate of late mortality. Thirty-six articles were included (174 969 patients). The pooled event rate for early stroke was 0.98% (95% CI 0.79% to 1.23%) and was 0.93% for delayed stoke (95% CI 0.77% to 1.11%; P=0.68). The pooled event rate of operative mortality was 28.8% (95% CI 17.6% to 43.4%) for early and 17.9% (95% CI 14.0% to 22.7%) for delayed stroke, compared with 2.4% (95% CI 1.9% to 3.1%) for patients without stroke ( P<0.001 for early versus delayed, and for perioperative stroke, early stroke, and delayed stroke versus no stroke). At a mean follow-up of 8.25 years, the incident rate of late mortality was 11.7% (95% CI 7.5% to 18.3%) for early and 9.4% (95% CI 5.9% to 14.9%) for delayed stroke, compared with 3.4% (95% CI 2.4% to 4.8%) in patients with no stroke. Meta-regression demonstrated that off-pump was inversely associated with early stroke (β=-0.009, P=0.01), whereas previous stroke (β=0.02, P<0.001) was associated with delayed stroke. Conclusions Early and delayed stroke after cardiac surgery have different risk factors and impacts on operative mortality as well as on long-term survival.

Keywords: cardiac surgery; delayed stroke; early stroke; stroke.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pooled event rate for early stroke.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pooled event rate for delayed stroke.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pooled event rate for operative mortality in patients with (top) and without perioperative stroke (bottom).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Pooled event rate for operative mortality for patients with early stroke (top) and late stroke (bottom).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Cumulative analysis of incidence of (A) early stroke and (B) delayed stroke.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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