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Review
. 2019 Oct;94(5):1839-1856.
doi: 10.1111/brv.12536. Epub 2019 Jun 23.

The chloride anion as a signalling effector

Ángel G Valdivieso  1   2 , Tomás A Santa-Coloma  1   2
Affiliations
Review

The chloride anion as a signalling effector

Ángel G Valdivieso et al. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2019 Oct.

Abstract

The specific role of the chloride anion (Cl- ) as a signalling effector or second messenger has been increasingly recognized in recent years. It could represent a key factor in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. Changes in intracellular Cl- concentration affect diverse cellular functions such as gene and protein expression and activities, post-translational modifications of proteins, cellular volume, cell cycle, cell proliferation and differentiation, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species levels, and intracellular/extracellular pH. Cl- also modulates functions in different organelles, including endosomes, phagosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. A better knowledge of Cl- signalling could help in understanding the molecular and metabolic changes seen in pathologies with altered Cl- transport or under physiological conditions. Here we review relevant evidence supporting the role of Cl- as a signalling effector.

Keywords: CFTR; Cl−; chloride anion; inflammation; intracellular signalling; oxidative stress; proinflammatory signal; second messenger; signal transduction.

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