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Review
. 2019 Jun 21;17(6):369.
doi: 10.3390/md17060369.

Chitin and Chitosans: Characteristics, Eco-Friendly Processes, and Applications in Cosmetic Science

Cristina Casadidio  1 , Dolores Vargas Peregrina  2 , Maria Rosa Gigliobianco  3 , Siyuan Deng  4 , Roberta Censi  5 , Piera Di Martino  6
Affiliations
Review

Chitin and Chitosans: Characteristics, Eco-Friendly Processes, and Applications in Cosmetic Science

Cristina Casadidio et al. Mar Drugs. .

Abstract

Huge amounts of chitin and chitosans can be found in the biosphere as important constituents of the exoskeleton of many organisms and as waste by worldwide seafood companies. Presently, politicians, environmentalists, and industrialists encourage the use of these marine polysaccharides as a renewable source developed by alternative eco-friendly processes, especially in the production of regular cosmetics. The aim of this review is to outline the physicochemical and biological properties and the different bioextraction methods of chitin and chitosan sources, focusing on enzymatic deproteinization, bacteria fermentation, and enzymatic deacetylation methods. Thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and bioactivity, the applications of these marine polymers are widely used in the contemporary manufacturing of biomedical and pharmaceutical products. In the end, advanced cosmetics based on chitin and chitosans are presented, analyzing different therapeutic aspects regarding skin, hair, nail, and oral care. The innovative formulations described can be considered excellent candidates for the prevention and treatment of several diseases associated with different body anatomical sectors.

Keywords: Chitin; biodegradability; biomaterials; chitosan; cosmetics; green technology; marine cosmetic ingredients; marine green source; marine resources; polysaccharides.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors confirm that this article content has no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structure of chitin (a) and chitosan (b) repeat units.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scheme of chitin and chitosan production following chemical methods.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scheme of chitin and chitosan production following biological methods.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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