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. 2019 Jun 25;19(1):555.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-4184-z.

Clusterization of co-morbidities and multi-morbidities among persons living with HIV: a cross-sectional study

Paolo Maggi  1 , Carmen R Santoro  2 , Marco Nofri  3 , Elena Ricci  4 , Nicolò De Gennaro  2 , Chiara Bellacosa  2 , Elisabetta Schiaroli  3 , Giancarlo Orofino  5 , Barbara Menzaghi  6 , Antonio Di Biagio  7 , Nicola Squillace  8 , Daniela Francisci  3   9 , Francesca Vichi  10 , Chiara Molteni  11 , Paolo Bonfanti  11 , Giovanni Battista Gaeta  1 , Giuseppe Vittorio De Socio  3
Affiliations

Clusterization of co-morbidities and multi-morbidities among persons living with HIV: a cross-sectional study

Paolo Maggi et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Among people living with HIV (PLWH), the prevalence of non-HIV related co-morbidities is increasing. Aim of the present study is to describe co-morbidity and multi-morbidity, their clustering mode and the potential disease-disease interactions in a cohort of Italian HIV patients.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis conducted by the Coordinamento Italiano per lo Studio di Allergia e Infezioni da HIV (CISAI) on adult subjects attending HIV-outpatient facilities. Non-HIV co-morbidities included: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, oncologic diseases, osteoporosis, probable case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, psychiatric illness, kidney disease. Multi-morbidity was defined as the presence of two or more co-morbidities.

Results: One thousand and eighty-seven patients were enrolled in the study (mean age 47.9 ± 10.8). One hundred-ninety patients (17.5%) had no co-morbidity, whereas 285 (26.2%) had one condition and 612 (56.3%) were multi-morbid. The most recurrent associations were: 1) dyslipidemia + hypertension (237, 21.8%); 2) dyslipidemia + COPD (188, 17.3%); 3) COPD + HCV-Ab+ (141, 12.9%). Multi-morbidity was associated with older age, higher body mass index, current and former smoking, CDC stage C and longer ART duration.

Conclusions: More than 50% of PLHW were multi-morbid and about 30% had three or more concurrent comorbidities. The identification of common patterns of comorbidities address the combined risks of multiple drug and disease-disease interactions.

Keywords: Clusterization; Co-morbidity; Disease-disease interactions; HIV; Multi-morbidity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Multi-morbidity prevalence by age categories. The following morbidity were included: CVD events, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, HCV Ab+, psychiatric illness, osteopenia/osteoporosis, renal impairment
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Most frequent pairs of comorbidities
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Most frequent triads of comorbidities
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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