Future Perspective of Diabetic Animal Models

Abstract

Objective: The need of today's research is to develop successful and reliable diabetic animal models for understanding the disease susceptibility and pathogenesis. Enormous success of animal models had already been acclaimed for identifying key genetic and environmental factors like Idd loci and effects of microorganisms including the gut microbiota. Furthermore, animal models had also helped in identifying many therapeutic targets and strategies for immune-intervention. In spite of a quite success, we have acknowledged that many of the discovered immunotherapies are working on animals and did not have a significant impact on human. Number of animal models were developed in the past to accelerate drug discovery pipeline. However, due to poor initial screening and assessment on inequivalent animal models, the percentage of drug candidates who succeeded during clinical trials was very low. Therefore, it is essential to bridge this gap between pre-clinical research and clinical trial by validating the existing animal models for consistency.

Results and conclusion: In this review, we have discussed and evaluated the significance of animal models on behalf of published data on PUBMED. Amongst the most popular diabetic animal models, we have selected six animal models (e.g. BioBreeding rat, "LEW IDDM rat", "Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) mouse", "STZ RAT", "LEPR Mouse" and "Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat" and ranked them as per their published literature on PUBMED. Moreover, the vision and brief imagination for developing an advanced and robust diabetic model of 21st century was discussed with the theme of one miceone human concept including organs-on-chips.

Keywords: Animal model; diabetes mellitus; humanized animal model; immunotherapies; meta-analysis; pathogens..

Fig. (1)

Diabetic Animal Model and their contribution in research field. (A) Diagrammatic representation of various approaches involved for developing T1D animal model. (B) Diagrammatic representation of various approaches involved for developing T2D animal model. (C) Comparison of diabetic animal models based on scientific research published on PUBMED in the last decade (1st Jan, 2009 to 31st Dec, 2018). (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).

Fig. (2)

Understading the Importance of Diabetes Animal Model through Published Literature on PUBMED in last decade (1st Jan, 2009 to 31st Dec, 2018). (A) Comparison of data published with keyword DIABETES versus DIABETES ANIMAL MODEL on PUBMED. (B) Comparison of data published with keyword DIABETES ANIMAL MODEL on PUBMED for Review versus Clinical Trails. (C) Understanding the role of DIABETES ANIMAL MODEL in Clinical research per year. (D) Comparison of data published with keyword DIABETES for Clinical Trials on PUBMED and understanding the role of ANIMAL MODEL in Clinical research per year. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).