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. 2019 Jun 25;24(12):2330.
doi: 10.3390/molecules24122330.

Metabolic Profiling of Water-Soluble Compounds from the Extracts of Dark Septate Endophytic Fungi (DSE) Isolated from Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seedlings Using UPLC-Orbitrap-MS

Jenni Tienaho  1   2 , Maarit Karonen  3 , Riina Muilu-Mäkelä  4 , Kristiina Wähälä  5 , Eduardo Leon Denegri  6 , Robert Franzén  7 , Matti Karp  8 , Ville Santala  9 , Tytti Sarjala  10
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Metabolic Profiling of Water-Soluble Compounds from the Extracts of Dark Septate Endophytic Fungi (DSE) Isolated from Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seedlings Using UPLC-Orbitrap-MS

Jenni Tienaho et al. Molecules. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Endophytes are microorganisms living inside plant hosts and are known to be beneficial for the host plant vitality. In this study, we isolated three endophytic fungus species from the roots of Scots pine seedlings growing on Finnish drained peatland setting. The isolated fungi belonged to dark septate endophytes (DSE). The metabolic profiles of the hot water extracts of the fungi were investigated using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection and Electron Spray Ionization source Mass Spectrometry with Orbitrap analyzer (UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS-Orbitrap). Out of 318 metabolites, we were able to identify 220, of which a majority was amino acids and peptides. Additionally, opine amino acids, amino acid quinones, Amadori compounds, cholines, nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides, siderophores, sugars, sugar alcohols and disaccharides were found, as well as other previously reported metabolites from plants or endophytes. Some differences of the metabolic profiles, regarding the amount and identity of the found metabolites, were observed even though the fungi were isolated from the same host. Many of the discovered metabolites have been described possessing biological activities and properties, which may make a favorable contribution to the host plant nutrient availability or abiotic and biotic stress tolerance.

Keywords: Acephala applanata; Coniochaeta mutabilis; Humicolopsis cephalosporioides; Phialocephala fortinii; Scots pine; UPLC–MS; endophytes; endophytic fungi; metabolites; peptides.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision of publishing the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The Neighbor-Joining topology of ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 rDNA sequences of root endophyte strains A, R and S16 from Scots pine and those obtained from GenBank. The phylogenetic tree was rooted with the Coniochaeta mutabilis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Structures of some of the identified compounds with #ID from Table 2.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Dipeptides, whose presence was verified with authentic standards and #ID from Table 2.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A Venn diagram of the 220 identified metabolites and how they are distributed among the fungal species A (A. applanata), R (P. fortinii) and S16 (H. cephalosporioides or C. mutabilis).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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