Response of broiler chickens to dietary soybean bioactive peptide and coccidia challenge

Abstract

Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, jejunal morphology, plasma cytokine, and gene expression responses of broiler chickens (Cobb 500) to graded concentrations of dietary soybean bioactive peptide (SBP) and coccidia challenge (CC) were investigated in 2 experiments. In experiment 1, 384 male broiler chicks were used to investigate the effect of graded dietary concentrations of SBP on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology in a randomized complete block design with 8 replicate cages and 6 diets. Corn-soybean meal-based diet was supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g of SBP/kg of diet. There were linear effects (P < 0.05) of graded concentrations of SBP on BW, BW gain, gain:feed, ileal villus height, and jejunal crypt depth at day 22 post hatching. There were linear effects (P < 0.01) of graded SBP concentrations on Ileal DM and energy digestibility. Experiment 2 was conducted to investigate the immune-protective properties of SBP on broiler chickens during a coccidia challenge. A total of 256 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 8 replicate cages in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 SBP levels (0 or 4 g/kg of diet) and with or without CC. On day 14 post hatching, birds in the challenged group received 20×, which is twice the recommended coccidia vaccine dose of 25 doses/kg BW, whereas the non-challenged group received physiological saline. Dietary SBP ameliorated the CC-induced effect (P = 0.01) on gain: feed. Coccidia challenge reduced (P < 0.05) jejunal villi height, whereas dietary SBP supplementation increased (P < 0.05) jejunal villi height. Dietary SBP attenuated the CC-induced effects (P < 0.05) on the expression of plasma IL-1β, transforming growth factor-β, claudin-1, and occludin genes. In conclusion, dietary SBP improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and jejunal morphology. In addition, dietary SBP reduced the impact of coccidia challenge, and may be beneficial in the feed of broiler chickens for alleviation of health-related effects of coccidia infection.

Keywords: broiler chickens; coccidia challenge; intestinal health; soybean bioactive peptide.