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Review
. 2019 Jun 19;19(12):2756.
doi: 10.3390/s19122756.

Review on V2X, I2X, and P2X Communications and Their Applications: A Comprehensive Analysis over Time

José Manuel Lozano Domínguez  1 , Tomás Jesús Mateo Sanguino  2
Affiliations
Review

Review on V2X, I2X, and P2X Communications and Their Applications: A Comprehensive Analysis over Time

José Manuel Lozano Domínguez et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Smart cities are ecosystems where novel ideas and emerging technologies meet to improve economy, environment, governance, living, and mobility. One of the pillars of smart cities is transport, with the improvement of mobility and the reduction of traffic accidents being some of the current key challenges. With this purpose, this manuscript reviews the state-of-the-art of communications and applications in which different actors of the road are involved. Thus, the objectives of this survey are intended to determine who, when, and about what is being researched around smart cities. Particularly, the goal is to situate the focus of scientific and industrial progress on V2X, I2X, and P2X communication to establish a taxonomy that reduces ambiguous acronyms around the communication between vehicles, infrastructure, and pedestrians, as well as to determine what the trends and future technologies are that will lead to more powerful applications. To this end, this literature review article presents a comprehensive study including a representative collection of the 100 most cited papers and patents published in the literature together with a statistical bibliometric analysis of 14,364 keywords over 3422 contributions between 1997 and 2018. As a result, this work provides a technological profile considering different dimensions along the paper, such as the type of communication, use case, country, organization, terminology, and year.

Keywords: 5G; autonomous and connected vehicle; communication technology; cybersecurity; infrastructure-to-everything; literature review; pedestrian-to-everything; safety; smart city; vehicle-to-everything.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Person-centric adaptation of the Smart City Wheel proposed in [1]. The topics shaded in orange and green concern this research.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Diagram of interactions between vehicle, infrastructure, and pedestrian communications.
Figure 3
Figure 3
For a representative sample of the 100 most cited publications in the state-of-the-art: (a) Type of communication and use case versus country, and (b) type of communication and use case versus year.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Evolution of key technologies for mobile devices, sensors, and intelligent applications in smart cities.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Cooperation between countries based on the publication co-authorship from 1996 to 2018.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Bibliographic evolution of the contributions on I2X, V2X and P2X research per organization.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Bibliographic evolution of the contributions on I2X, V2X, and P2X research per source type.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Co-occurrence of the keywords in publications on I2X, V2X, and P2X from 1996 to 2018.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Cohen B. What Exactly is a Smart City? [(accessed on 18 June 2019)];2012 Technical Report. Available online: https://www.fastcompany.com.
    1. Yesner R., O’Brien A., Zannoni M. IDC Future Scape: Worldwide Smart Cities and Communities 2019 Predictions. [(accessed on 19 June 2019)]; Available online: https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=US42449818.
    1. Kutami M., Takeno M., Ioka H. New Approach for Environmental Future City Created by ICT: Sustainable City Network. Fujitsu Sci. Tech. J. 2014;50:100–111.
    1. Maglaras L.A., Al-Bayatti A.H., He Y., Wagner I., Janicke H. Social Internet of Vehicles for Smart Cities. J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2016;5:3. doi: 10.3390/jsan5010003. - DOI
    1. Xiong Z., Sheng H., Rong W., Cooper D.E. Intelligent transportation systems for smart cities: A progress review. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 2012;55:2908–2914. doi: 10.1007/s11432-012-4725-1. - DOI