A systematic mixed-studies review on mindfulness-based childbirth education programs and maternal outcomes

Abstract

Background: Mindfulness-based childbirth education programs are gaining popularity among expectant parents.

Purpose: To synthesize knowledge on current available evidence of mindfulness-based childbirth education programs on maternal outcomes and to provide recommendations to improve future mindfulness-based childbirth education programs.

Method: A mixed-studies systematic review using a narrative synthesis was conducted. Four electronic databases were searched from each database's inception, through November 26, 2018.

Findings: Three themes emerged from the synthesis: (a) the duration and receptivity of the programs, (b) improved maternal psychosocial outcomes, and (c) the practice of mindfulness during the postpartum period. A conceptual map was produced.

Discussion: The programs resulted in improved maternal psychosocial outcomes. A greater focus on the practice of informal mindfulness should be taught in future mindfulness-based childbirth education programs. Nurses can consider teaching mindfulness techniques in current antenatal classes. The cost effectiveness and receptivity of the programs should be examined. Future mixed-methods longitudinal studies with ideal sample sizes and the exclusion of participants with prior yoga or medication experiences should be conducted.

Keywords: Antenatal classes; Childbirth education; Maternal outcomes; Mindfulness; Mixed studies review.