Rapid detection of pathogenic virus genome sequence from throat and nasal swab samples using an exhaustive gene amplification method

Abstract

Rapid identification of pathogenic agents is important in response to the emergence of biocrime and bioterrorism, to facilitate appropriate confinement and treatment. As the rapid determination system of viral genome sequences (RDV method) using exhaustive gene amplification is useful for rapid identification, we examined whether this method could be applied to forensic samples. To detect pathogenic virus in a cat with suspected viral infections, fluid swab samples were applied to the RDV method. The following steps were performed: viral propagation, extraction of the viral genome, amplification of the first library, fragmentation of the library, amplification of the second library using non-specific primer sets, and direct sequencing of the amplicon. To confirm the viruses detected by this method, we performed conventional PCR using virus-specific primers. We detected pathogenic virus genome sequences from the swab samples and confirmed infection with these viruses. In addition, we directly detected a viral genome sequence from the nasal swab sample without the viral propagation step. The RDV method is infrequently used in forensic analysis. This method is practicable with equipment existing in a normal laboratory and is useful for rapid detection and identification of pathogenic viruses in forensic samples. This method would also be applicable to the detection of bacteria and fungi.

Keywords: Biological fluid; Causative agent; Non-specific primer; Pathological examination; Swab sample; Virus identification.