Respiratory impairment in Niemann-Pick B disease: Two case reports and review for the pulmonologist

Abstract

Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD), also called Niemann-Pick disease, is a storage disorder with pulmonary involvement but few respiratory symptoms in adults. However, the disease may evolve towards clinically relevant respiratory symptoms with referral to the pulmonologist for management and care. Based on two case reports illustrating respiratory impairment, the aim of this work was to review clinical features, diagnosis, respiratory prognostic and therapeutics for the pulmonologist. Overall, storage disorder should be suspected in the presence of hepatosplenomegaly and interstitial lung disease. Concomitant thrombopenia or hyperlipidemia should also draw attention. Following recent consensus guidelines, diagnosis is based on enzyme assay for ASM activity in blood, with subsequent gene sequencing once the biochemical diagnosis has been confirmed. Disease is slowly progressive and the main causes of death are respiratory and liver failure. Presence of emphysema lesions or worsening of respiratory symptoms should call for the intensification of treatment. Though enzyme replacement therapy is a promising way of development, lung transplantation might be considered for these patients in the absence of contraindication.

Keywords: Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency; Hemoptysis; Lung transplant; Niemann-Pick; Pulmonary storage disorder.