Multicenter Study

. 2019 Jun 29;11(7):1493.

doi: 10.3390/nu11071493.

Total and Subtypes of Dietary Fat Intake and Its Association with Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk

Alicia Julibert^{1

2

3}, Maria Del Mar Bibiloni^{1

2

3}, Cristina Bouzas^{1

2

3}, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González^{1

4

5}, Jordi Salas-Salvadó^{1

6}, Dolores Corella^{1

7}, Maria Dolors Zomeño^{1

8}, Dora Romaguera^{1

3}, Jesús Vioque^{9

10}, Ángel M Alonso-Gómez^{1

11}, Julia Wärnberg^{1

12}, J Alfredo Martínez^{1

13

14}, Luís Serra-Majem^{1

15}, Ramon Estruch^{1

16}, Francisco J Tinahones^{1

17}, José Lapetra^{1

18}, Xavier Pintó^{1

19}, José Lopez-Miranda^{1

20}, Laura García-Molina^{10

21}, José Juan Gaforio^{10

22}, Pilar Matía-Martín²³, Lidia Daimiel²⁴, Vicente Martín-Sánchez^{25

26}, Josep Vidal²⁷, Clotilde Vázquez^{1

28}, Emili Ros^{1

29}, Estefanía Toledo^{1

4}, Nerea Becerra-Tomás^{1

6}, Olga Pórtoles^{1

7}, Karla A Pérez-Vega^{1

8}, Miquel Fiol^{1

3}, Laura Torres-Collado^{9

10}, Lucas Tojal-Sierra^{2

11}, Rosa Carabaño-Moral^{1

30}, Itziar Abete^{1

13}, Almudena Sanchez-Villegas^{1

15}, Rosa Casas^{1

16}, María Rosa Bernal-López^{1

17}, José Manuel Santos-Lozano^{1

18}, Ana Galera^{1

19}, Lucía Ugarriza^{1

2

3}, Miguel Ruiz-Canela^{1

4}, Nancy Babio^{1

6}, Oscar Coltell^{1

31}, Helmut Schröder^{8

10}, Jadwiga Konieczna^{1

3}, Domingo Orozco-Beltrán^{9

10}, Carolina Sorto-Sánchez^{1

11}, Sonia Eguaras^{1

4}, Laura Barrubés^{1

6}, Montserrat Fitó^{1

8}, Josep A Tur^{32

33

34}; Predimed-Plus Investigators

Affiliations

¹ CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
² Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
³ Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
⁴ Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdISNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
⁵ Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
⁶ Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain.
⁷ Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
⁸ Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
⁹ Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL-FISABIO, 46020 Alicante, Spain.
¹⁰ CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
¹¹ Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
¹² Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-IBIMA, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
¹³ Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
¹⁴ Cardiometabolics Nutrition Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
¹⁵ Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
¹⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁷ Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
¹⁸ Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
¹⁹ Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
²⁰ Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
²¹ Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
²² Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain.
²³ Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
²⁴ Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
²⁵ CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
²⁶ Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
²⁷ Department of Endocrinology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
²⁸ Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
²⁹ Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
³⁰ Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Arroyo de la Miel. Distrito de Atención Primaria Costa del Sol, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, 29630 Benalmádena, Spain.
³¹ Department of Computer Languages and Systems. Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellon, Spain.
³² CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain. pep.tur@uib.es.
³³ Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. pep.tur@uib.es.
³⁴ Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. pep.tur@uib.es.

PMID: 31261967
PMCID: PMC6682917
DOI: 10.3390/nu11071493

Multicenter Study

Total and Subtypes of Dietary Fat Intake and Its Association with Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk

Alicia Julibert et al. Nutrients. 2019.

. 2019 Jun 29;11(7):1493.

doi: 10.3390/nu11071493.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
² Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
³ Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
⁴ Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdISNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
⁵ Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
⁶ Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain.
⁷ Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
⁸ Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
⁹ Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL-FISABIO, 46020 Alicante, Spain.
¹⁰ CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
¹¹ Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
¹² Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-IBIMA, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
¹³ Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
¹⁴ Cardiometabolics Nutrition Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
¹⁵ Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
¹⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁷ Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
¹⁸ Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
¹⁹ Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
²⁰ Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
²¹ Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
²² Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain.
²³ Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
²⁴ Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
²⁵ CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
²⁶ Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
²⁷ Department of Endocrinology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
²⁸ Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
²⁹ Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
³⁰ Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Arroyo de la Miel. Distrito de Atención Primaria Costa del Sol, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, 29630 Benalmádena, Spain.
³¹ Department of Computer Languages and Systems. Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellon, Spain.
³² CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain. pep.tur@uib.es.
³³ Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. pep.tur@uib.es.
³⁴ Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. pep.tur@uib.es.

PMID: 31261967
PMCID: PMC6682917
DOI: 10.3390/nu11071493

Abstract

Background: The effect of dietary fat intake on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and in turn on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear in individuals at high CVD risk. Objective: To assess the association between fat intake and MetS components in an adult Mediterranean population at high CVD risk. Design: Baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in participants (n = 6560, men and women, 55-75 years old, with overweight/obesity and MetS) in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial. Methods: Assessment of fat intake (total fat, monounsatured fatty acids: MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids: PUFA, saturated fatty acids: SFA, trans-fatty acids: trans-FA, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and ω-3 FA) using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality using 17-item Mediterranean dietary questionnaire and fat quality index (FQI). Results: Participants in the highest quintile of total dietary fat intake showed lower intake of energy, carbohydrates, protein and fiber, but higher intake of PUFA, MUFA, SFA, TFA, LA, ALA and ω-3 FA. Differences in MetS components were found according to fat intake. Odds (5th vs. 1st quintile): hyperglycemia: 1.3-1.6 times higher for total fat, MUFA, SFA and ω-3 FA intake; low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c): 1.2 higher for LA; hypertriglyceridemia: 0.7 lower for SFA and ω-3 FA intake. Conclusions: Dietary fats played different role on MetS components of high CVD risk patients. Dietary fat intake was associated with higher risk of hyperglycemia.

Keywords: Mediterranean diet; cardiovascular disease risk; dietary fat; fat intake; fatty acids.

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Conflict of interest statement

J.S.-S. reports serving on the board of and receiving grant support through his institution from International Nut and Dried Fruit Council; receiving consulting personal fees from Danone, Font Vella Lanjarón, Nuts for Life, and Eroski; and receiving grant support through his institution from Nut and Dried Fruit Foundation and Eroski. ER reports grants, non-financial support, and other fees from California Walnut Commission and Alexion; personal fees and non-financial support from Merck, Sharp & Dohme; personal fees, non-financial support and other fees from Aegerion, and Ferrer International; grants and personal fees from Sanofi Aventis; grants from Amgen and Pfizer and; personal fees from Akcea, outside of the submitted work. XP reports serving on the board of and receiving consulting personal fees from Sanofi Aventis, Amgen, and Abbott laboratories; receiving lecture personal fees from Esteve, Lacer and Rubio laboratories.MD-R reports receiving grants from the Diputación Provincial de Jaén and the Caja Rural de Jaén. LD reports grants from Fundación Cerveza y Salud. All other authors declare no competing interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Flow-chart of participants.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Total and Subtypes of Dietary Fat Intake and Its Association with Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk

Affiliations

Total and Subtypes of Dietary Fat Intake and Its Association with Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk

Authors

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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