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. 2019 Jun 29;8(7):196.
doi: 10.3390/plants8070196.

Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Defense in Sesamum indicum after Different Waterlogging Durations

Taufika Islam Anee  1 , Kamrun Nahar  2 , Anisur Rahman  1 , Jubayer Al Mahmud  3 , Tasnim Farha Bhuiyan  2 , Mazhar Ul Alam  4 , Masayuki Fujita  5 , Mirza Hasanuzzaman  6
Affiliations

Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Defense in Sesamum indicum after Different Waterlogging Durations

Taufika Islam Anee et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the duration-dependent changes in the biochemical attributes of sesame in response to waterlogging stress. Sesame plants (Sesamum indicum L. cv. BARI Til-4) were subjected to waterlogging for 2, 4, 6, and 8 days during the vegetative stage and data were measured following waterlogging treatment. The present study proves that waterlogging causes severe damage to different attributes of the sesame plant. The plants showed an increasing trend in lipid peroxidation as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methylglyoxal contents that corresponded to increased stress duration. A prolonged period of waterlogging decreased leaf relative water content and proline content. Photosynthetic pigments, like chlorophyll (chl) a, b, and chl (a+b) and carotenoid contents, also decreased over time in stressed plants. Glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) contents increased under waterlogging, while the GSH/GSSG ratio and ascorbate content decreased, indicating the disruption of redox balance in the cell. Ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione peroxidase activity increased under waterlogging, while dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, and catalase activity mostly decreased. Waterlogging modulated the glyoxalase system mostly by enhancing glyoxalase II activity, with a slight increase in glyoxalase I activity. The present study also demonstrates the induction of oxidative stress via waterlogging in sesame plants and that stress levels increase with increased waterlogging duration.

Keywords: antioxidants; flooding; glyoxalase system; reactive oxygen species.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Changes in RWC (A) and Pro (B) content of leaves from sesame plants waterlogged during the vegetative stage. Mean (±SD) was calculated based on three replications of each treatment. Values in a bar with different letters are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 applying LSD test.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Contents of chl a (A), chl b (B), chl (a + b) (C) and carotenoids (D) of sesame leaves from plants affected by waterlogging stress at vegetative stage. Mean (±SD) was calculated from three replicates for each treatment. Values in a bar with different letters are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 applying LSD test.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) MDA and (B) H2O2 contents of sesame leaves from plants affected by waterlogging stress at vegetative stage. Mean (±SD) was calculated from three replicates for each treatment. Values in a column with different letters are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 applying LSD test.
Figure 4
Figure 4
AsA (A), GSH (B), GSSG (C) contents and GSH/GSSG (D) ratio of sesame leaves from plants affected by waterlogged condition for different durations at vegetative stage. Mean (±SD) was calculated from three replicates for each treatment. Values in a bar with different letters are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 applying LSD test.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The activity of APX (A), MDHAR (B), DHAR (C) and GR (D) enzyme in sesame leaves from plants affected by waterlogged condition for different durations at vegetative stage. Mean (±SD) was calculated from three replicates for each treatment. Values in a bar with different letters are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 applying LSD test.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The activity of GPX (A) and CAT (B) enzymes in sesame leaves from plants affected by waterlogged condition for different durations at vegetative stage. Mean (±SD) was calculated from three replicates for each treatment. Values in a bar with different letters are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 applying LSD test.
Figure 7
Figure 7
MG content (A), Gly I (B) and Gly II (C) activities in sesame leaves from plants affected by waterlogged condition for different durations at vegetative stage. Mean (±SD) was calculated from three replicates for each treatment. Values in a bar with different letters are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 applying LSD test.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Principal component analysis (PCA) of different studied attributes.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Coordinated interaction of antioxidant defense systems and glyoxalase systems in sesame plants studied under waterlogged condition [20]. R may be an aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic group; X may be a sulfate, nitrite, or halide group. Solid arrows indicate enzymatic reactions while dotted arrows indicate non-enzymatic reactions.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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