Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Schizophrenia: an Up-To-Date Review of Literature

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review will aim to summarize the current body of epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic knowledge concerning specific co-occurrence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) and schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

Recent findings: Almost 30% of the patients with schizophrenia display OCS, and three main contexts of emergence are identified: prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia, co-occurrence of OCS and schizophrenia and antipsychotics-induced OCS. Recent clinical studies show that patients with SZ and OCS have more severe psychotic and depressive symptoms, higher suicidality and lower social functioning. A recent cognitive investigation found that OCS and delusions share specific metacognitive profiles, particularly through a heightened need to control thoughts. Finally, a recent cross-sectional study of clozapine-induced OCS found a dose-response relationship between clozapine and OCS. OCS appeared reliably as linked to poorer outcomes among patients with schizophrenia. However, the specific clinical value of OCS among other prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia remains unknown.

Keywords: Antipsychotics; Obsessive-compulsive disorder; Obsessive-compulsive symptoms; Schizo-obsessive disorder; Schizophrenia; Ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis.