New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus After Chronic Pancreatitis Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) after chronic pancreatitis (CP) diagnosis via systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of relevant reports were performed. The primary outcome measures studied were newly diagnosed DM and DM treated with insulin. For the binary outcomes, pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.

Methods: Fifteen studies involving 8970 patients were eligible. The incidence of new-onset DM after CP diagnosis was 30% (95% CI, 27%-33%). Among all patients, 17% (95% CI, 13%-22%) developed insulin-dependent new-onset DM. The prevalence of newly diagnosed DM after CP diagnosis increased from 15% within 36 months to 33% after 60 months. The proportion of alcoholic CP, sex, age, and body mass index had minimal effect on the studied outcomes.

Conclusions: This systematic review identified a clinically relevant risk of new-onset DM after CP diagnosis. Therefore, patients should be informed of the risk of DM and monitored.