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. 2019 Jun 18:10:1372.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01372. eCollection 2019.

Concrete vs. Abstract Processing in Repetitive Negative Thinking: Distinct Functional Effects on Emotional Reactivity and Attentional Control

Monika Kornacka  1   2 , Izabela Krejtz  1 , Celine Douilliez  2   3
Affiliations

Concrete vs. Abstract Processing in Repetitive Negative Thinking: Distinct Functional Effects on Emotional Reactivity and Attentional Control

Monika Kornacka et al. Front Psychol. .

Abstract

Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic process linked to emotional regulation impairment and involved in mood, anxiety, eating disorders and addictions. Attentional disengagement impairment is one of the factors hypothesized to be responsible for the recurrent and uncontrollable character of RNT. The aim of the present study was to empirically test this hypothesis with evaluation of disengagement from negative and RNT-related stimuli separately. Sixty participants were randomly allocated to one of three experimental conditions: abstract RNT, concrete RNT, and control condition (distraction). The change in their negative affect (PANAS) and their attentional disengagement impairment (exogenous cueing task) were measured. The analysis revealed that participants in abstract RNT condition presented higher emotional reactivity comparing to concrete or distraction conditions. The results indicated no differences between induction conditions in attentional disengagement. However, participants after concrete RNT induction had longer mean response times in exogenous cueing task comparing to control induction suggesting that they detected presented stimuli slower than participants in control condition. The results raised an important, from clinical point of view, question of distinctive impact of two types of RNT on emotional reactivity and attentional processes.

Keywords: attentional control; attentional disengagement; dysphoria; emotional reactivity; repetitive negative thinking; rumination.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Schematic representation of valid and invalid trial in exogenous cueing task.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Negative affect score (PANAS) as a function of measure time and experimental condition. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ns. non-significant. Time 1 (baseline), Time 2 (after rumination induction – goal cueing task), Time 3 (after RNT mode induction).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Mean correct response time in exogenous cueing task by RNT and distraction induction condition. ∗p < 0.05.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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