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Meta-Analysis
. 2019 Dec;21(12):2587-2598.
doi: 10.1111/dom.13828. Epub 2019 Aug 9.

Association between blood pressure variability, cardiovascular disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Martina Chiriacò  1   2 , Konstantinos Pateras  3 , Agostino Virdis  1 , Marietta Charakida  4 , Despoina Kyriakopoulou  5 , Monica Nannipieri  1 , Michele Emdin  2 , Konstantinos Tsioufis  5 , Stefano Taddei  1 , Stefano Masi  1   4   6 , Georgios Georgiopoulos  7   8
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Association between blood pressure variability, cardiovascular disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Martina Chiriacò et al. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019 Dec.

Abstract

Aim: To investigate the associations of blood pressure variability (BPV), expressed as long-term (visit-to-visit) and short-term (ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [ABPM] and home blood pressure monitoring [HBPM]) and all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), extended MACEs, microvascular complications (MiCs) and hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) in adult patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and methods: PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and grey literature databases were searched for studies including patients with type 2 diabetes, at least one variable of BPV (visit-to-visit, HBPM, ABPM) and evaluation of the incidence of at least one of the following outcomes: all-cause mortality, MACEs, extended MACEs and/or MiCs and/or HMOD. The extracted information was analyzed using random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Results: Data from a total of 377 305 patients were analyzed. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) variability was associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.21), MACEs (HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.04-1.17), extended MACEs (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11) and MiCs (HR 1. 12, 95% CI 1.01-1.24), while diastolic blood pressure was not. Associations were mainly driven from studies on long-term SBP variability. Qualitative analysis showed that BPV was associated with the presence of HMOD expressed as carotid intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity and left ventricular hypertrophy. Results were independent of mean blood pressure, glycaemic control and serum creatinine levels.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that BPV might provide additional information rather than mean blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; diabetes complications; macrovascular disease; meta-analysis; systematic review; type 2 diabetes.

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