Chemical constituents and biological activities of the fruits of Knema pachycarpa de Wilde

Abstract

The n-hexane extract of Knema pachycarpa fruits (Myristicaceae family), exhibiting strong anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, was investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and then purified by column chromatography. Guided by GC/MS profiling and bioassay, chromatographic separations led to the isolation of five new compounds: two anacardic acid derivatives 1-2, two cardanol derivatives 3-4 and a cardol derivative 5, along with mixtures of known phenolic lipids 6-9. The chemical structures were determined by various spectroscopic methods. New isolated compounds 1-5 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. Cardanol 3 and cardol 5 were the most active compounds in the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory assay with IC₅₀ values of 2.60 ± 0.24 µM and 2.46 ± 0.23 µM, respectively. Cardanol 4 and cardol 5 showed moderate cytotoxicity against Hela and MCF-7 cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 31.36 ± 0.41 µM to 41.30 ± 2.49 µM.

Keywords: Knema pachycarpa; anacardic acids; anti-acetylcholinesterase; cardanols; cardol; cytotoxicity.