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. 2019 Jul;108(9):599-608.
doi: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003263.

[Interdisciplinary Management of Sellar Masses]

[Article in German]
Affiliations

[Interdisciplinary Management of Sellar Masses]

[Article in German]
Barbara Bischofberger-Baumann et al. Praxis (Bern 1994). 2019 Jul.

Abstract

Interdisciplinary Management of Sellar Masses Abstract. Sellar masses may present with an impairment of pituitary function (hypopituitarism), hormone hypersecretion (prolactinoma, acromegaly, glucocorticoid excess) or neurological symptoms (visual impairment, headache). An increasing number of them is discovered as an incidentaloma. Among the various entities, benign pituitary adenomas and cystic lesions are most frequently encountered. The work-up includes a laboratory evaluation for hormone hyper- or hyposecretion and an MRI of the pituitary gland. If the optic chiasm is compromised, a visual field examination is mandatory. Except for prolactinomas, symptomatic sellar masses are usually resected via an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach. If a total resection is not feasible because of the invasion of surrounding structures, debulking to relieve pressure from the optic chiasm is the primary goal and radiotherapy may be considered. Residual hormone excess can be treated medically. In the early postoperative period special attention to the development and treatment of disordered body water homeostasis and hypopituitarism is crucial. Interdisciplinary work-up and decision making are of utmost importance and will offer the best management.

Zusammenfassung. Raumforderungen in der Hypophyse haben unterschiedliche Entitäten. Am häufigsten kommen benigne Hypophysenvorderlappenadenome vor. Viele davon werden inzidentell entdeckt und sind asymptomatisch. Andere machen sich durch eine Beeinträchtigung der Hypophysenfunktion (Hypopituitarismus), eine gesteigerte Hormonsekretion (Prolaktinom, Akromegalie, Hypercortisolismus) oder durch neurologische Symptome (bitemporale Hemianopsie) bemerkbar. Die Abklärung beinhaltet eine endokrinologische Labordiagnostik sowie ein MRT der Hypophyse. Bei Nähe oder Kontakt zum Chiasma opticum ist zusätzlich eine Gesichtsfeldprüfung erforderlich. Bei symptomatischen Raumforderungen ist die Therapie der Wahl meist eine Operation über den transsphenoidalen Zugang. Eine Ausnahme bilden Prolaktinome, die in erster Linie medikamentös behandelt werden. Perioperativ ist eine engmaschige Kontrolle hinsichtlich eines Hypopituitarismus wichtig. Ein interdisziplinärer Austausch und das gemeinsame Festlegen des Prozederes ermöglichen die optimalste Betreuung der Patienten.

Keywords: Hypophysenadenom; Hypophysenraumforderung; Hypophysite; Hypophysitis; Hypopituitarismus; Prolaktinom; Sellar mass; adénome hypophysaire; hypophyse; hypophysitis; hypopituitarism; hypopituitarisme; pituitary adenoma; prolactinoma; prolactinome.

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