Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2019 Jun 28;7(2):172-182.
doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2018.00049. Epub 2019 Apr 21.

HCV Extrahepatic Manifestations

Lucija Kuna  1 , Jelena Jakab  2   3 , Robert Smolic  2   4 , George Y Wu  5 , Martina Smolic  1   4
Affiliations
Review

HCV Extrahepatic Manifestations

Lucija Kuna et al. J Clin Transl Hepatol. .

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been shown to affect many tissues other than liver. However, of the many extrahepatic manifestations (EMs) that have been associated with HCV, including cryoglobulinemia, lymphoma, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and neurological disorders, only a few have been shown to be directly related to HCV infection of extrahepatic tissues. HCV-triggered immune-mediated mechanisms account for most of the EMs. It is estimated that up to 74% of patients with chronic hepatitis C can develop at least one EM. All HCV patients with EMs should be considered for antiviral therapy, although not all will resolve with sustained virological response.

Keywords: B cell lymphomas; Direct-acting antivirals; Extrahepatic manifestations; Hepatic stellate cells; Hepatitis C virus; TGF-β-dependent signaling pathway; pancreatic B cell.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflict of interests related to this publication.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.. Extrahepatic manifestations associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Rosenthal E, Cacoub P. Extrahepatic manifestations in chronic hepatitis C virus carriers. Lupus. 2015;24:469–482. doi: 10.1177/0961203314556140. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Austria AM, Ninčević V, Wu GY. Smolic M, Vcev A, Wu GY, editors. A brief update on the treatment of hepatitis C. Update on hepatitis C. IntechOpen. 2017:3–16. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.70685. - DOI
    1. Virovic Jukic L, Kralj D. Smolic M, Vcev A, Wu GY, editors. Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Update on hepatitis C. IntechOpen. 2017:111–124. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.70728. - DOI
    1. Flores-Chávez A, Carrion JA, Forns X, Ramos-Casals M. Extrahepatic manifestations associated with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Rev Esp Sanid Penit. 2017;19:87–97. doi: 10.4321/S1575-06202017000300004. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ramos-Casals M, Stone JH, Cid MC, Bosch X. The cryoglobulinaemias. Lancet. 2012;379:348–360. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60242-0. - DOI - PubMed