Ancient cattle genomics, origins, and rapid turnover in the Fertile Crescent

Marta Pereira Verdugo¹, Victoria E Mullin^{1

2}, Amelie Scheu^{1

3}, Valeria Mattiangeli¹, Kevin G Daly¹, Pierpaolo Maisano Delser^{1

4}, Andrew J Hare¹, Joachim Burger³, Matthew J Collins^{5

6}, Ron Kehati⁷, Paula Hesse⁸, Deirdre Fulton⁹, Eberhard W Sauer¹⁰, Fatemeh A Mohaseb^{11

12}, Hossein Davoudi^{12

13

14}, Roya Khazaeli¹², Johanna Lhuillier¹⁵, Claude Rapin¹⁶, Saeed Ebrahimi¹⁷, Mutalib Khasanov¹⁸, S M Farhad Vahidi¹⁹, David E MacHugh^{20

21}, Okan Ertuğrul²², Chaido Koukouli-Chrysanthaki²³, Adamantios Sampson²⁴, George Kazantzis²⁵, Ioannis Kontopoulos⁵, Jelena Bulatovic²⁶, Ivana Stojanović²⁷, Abdesalam Mikdad²⁸, Norbert Benecke²⁹, Jörg Linstädter³⁰, Mikhail Sablin³¹, Robin Bendrey^{10

32}, Lionel Gourichon³³, Benjamin S Arbuckle³⁴, Marjan Mashkour^{11

12

13}, David Orton⁵, Liora Kolska Horwitz³⁵, Matthew D Teasdale^{1

5}, Daniel G Bradley³⁶

Affiliations

¹ Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.
² Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
³ Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iOME), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
⁴ Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
⁵ BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
⁶ Museum of Natural History, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁷ 448 Shvil Hachalav Street, Nir Banim 7952500, Israel.
⁸ Jewish Studies Program, Department of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
⁹ Department of Religion, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
¹⁰ School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
¹¹ Archéozoologie et Archéobotanique (UMR 7209), CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.
¹² Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran, 1417634934 Tehran, Iran.
¹³ Osteology Department, National Museum of Iran, 1136918111 Tehran, Iran.
¹⁴ Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, 111-14115 Tehran, Iran.
¹⁵ Archéorient Université Lyon 2, CNRS UMR 5133, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 69365 Lyon, France.
¹⁶ Archéologie d'Orient et d'Occident (AOROC, UMR 8546, CNRS ENS), Centre d'archéologie, 75005 Paris, France.
¹⁷ Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, 1711734353 Tehran, Iran.
¹⁸ Uzbekistan Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 703051 Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
¹⁹ Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran-North branch (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, 4188958883 Rasht, Iran.
²⁰ Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland.
²¹ UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland.
²² Veterinary Faculty, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey.
²³ Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, Department of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, and Museums, Serres 62 122, Greece.
²⁴ Department of Mediterranean Studies, University of the Aegean, 85132 Rhodes, Greece.
²⁵ Archaeological Museum of Aeani, 500 04, Kozani, Western Macedonia, Greece.
²⁶ Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
²⁷ Institute of Archaeology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
²⁸ Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine de Maroc (INSAP) Hay Riad, Madinat al Ifrane, Rabat Instituts, 10000 Rabat, Morocco.
²⁹ Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
³⁰ Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Kommission für Archäologie Außereuropäischer Kulturen (KAAK), 53173 Bonn, Germany.
³¹ Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia.
³² Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK.
³³ Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CEPAM (UMR 7264), 06357 Nice, France.
³⁴ Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
³⁵ National Natural History Collections, Faculty of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel.
³⁶ Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland. dbradley@tcd.ie.

PMID: 31296769
DOI: 10.1126/science.aav1002

Free article

Ancient cattle genomics, origins, and rapid turnover in the Fertile Crescent

Marta Pereira Verdugo et al. Science. 2019.

Free article

. 2019 Jul 12;365(6449):173-176.

doi: 10.1126/science.aav1002.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.
² Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
³ Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iOME), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
⁴ Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
⁵ BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
⁶ Museum of Natural History, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁷ 448 Shvil Hachalav Street, Nir Banim 7952500, Israel.
⁸ Jewish Studies Program, Department of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
⁹ Department of Religion, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
¹⁰ School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
¹¹ Archéozoologie et Archéobotanique (UMR 7209), CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.
¹² Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran, 1417634934 Tehran, Iran.
¹³ Osteology Department, National Museum of Iran, 1136918111 Tehran, Iran.
¹⁴ Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, 111-14115 Tehran, Iran.
¹⁵ Archéorient Université Lyon 2, CNRS UMR 5133, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 69365 Lyon, France.
¹⁶ Archéologie d'Orient et d'Occident (AOROC, UMR 8546, CNRS ENS), Centre d'archéologie, 75005 Paris, France.
¹⁷ Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, 1711734353 Tehran, Iran.
¹⁸ Uzbekistan Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 703051 Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
¹⁹ Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran-North branch (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, 4188958883 Rasht, Iran.
²⁰ Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland.
²¹ UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland.
²² Veterinary Faculty, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey.
²³ Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, Department of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, and Museums, Serres 62 122, Greece.
²⁴ Department of Mediterranean Studies, University of the Aegean, 85132 Rhodes, Greece.
²⁵ Archaeological Museum of Aeani, 500 04, Kozani, Western Macedonia, Greece.
²⁶ Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
²⁷ Institute of Archaeology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
²⁸ Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine de Maroc (INSAP) Hay Riad, Madinat al Ifrane, Rabat Instituts, 10000 Rabat, Morocco.
²⁹ Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
³⁰ Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Kommission für Archäologie Außereuropäischer Kulturen (KAAK), 53173 Bonn, Germany.
³¹ Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia.
³² Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK.
³³ Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CEPAM (UMR 7264), 06357 Nice, France.
³⁴ Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
³⁵ National Natural History Collections, Faculty of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel.
³⁶ Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland. dbradley@tcd.ie.

PMID: 31296769
DOI: 10.1126/science.aav1002

Abstract

Genome-wide analysis of 67 ancient Near Eastern cattle, Bos taurus, remains reveals regional variation that has since been obscured by admixture in modern populations. Comparisons of genomes of early domestic cattle to their aurochs progenitors identify diverse origins with separate introgressions of wild stock. A later region-wide Bronze Age shift indicates rapid and widespread introgression of zebu, Bos indicus, from the Indus Valley. This process was likely stimulated at the onset of the current geological age, ~4.2 thousand years ago, by a widespread multicentury drought. In contrast to genome-wide admixture, mitochondrial DNA stasis supports that this introgression was male-driven, suggesting that selection of arid-adapted zebu bulls enhanced herd survival. This human-mediated migration of zebu-derived genetics has continued through millennia, altering tropical herding on each continent.

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Ancient cattle genomics, origins, and rapid turnover in the Fertile Crescent

Affiliations

Ancient cattle genomics, origins, and rapid turnover in the Fertile Crescent

Authors

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Abstract

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