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. 2019 Jul 11;8(7):e14097.
doi: 10.2196/14097.

Effects of a School-Based Health Intervention Program in Marginalized Communities of Port Elizabeth, South Africa (the KaziBantu Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Ivan Müller  1 , Danielle Smith  2 , Larissa Adams  2 , Ann Aerts  3 , Bruce P Damons  2 , Jan Degen  1 , Stefanie Gall  1 , Zaahira Gani  3 , Markus Gerber  1 , Annelie Gresse  2 , Darelle van Greunen  2 , Nandi Joubert  2 , Tracey Marais  2 , Siphesihle Nqweniso  2 , Nicole Probst-Hensch  4   5 , Rosa du Randt  2 , Harald Seelig  1 , Peter Steinmann  4   5 , Jürg Utzinger  4   5 , Christina Wadhwani  3 , Cheryl Walter  2 , Uwe Pühse  1
Affiliations

Effects of a School-Based Health Intervention Program in Marginalized Communities of Port Elizabeth, South Africa (the KaziBantu Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Ivan Müller et al. JMIR Res Protoc. .

Abstract

Background: The burden of poverty-related infectious diseases remains high in low- and middle-income countries, while noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly gaining importance. To address this dual disease burden, the KaziBantu project aims at improving and promoting health literacy as a means for a healthy and active lifestyle. The project implements a school-based health intervention package consisting of physical education, moving-to-music, and specific health and nutrition education lessons from the KaziKidz toolkit. It is complemented by the KaziHealth workplace health intervention program for teachers.

Objectives: The aim of the KaziBantu project is to assess the effect of a school-based health intervention package on risk factors for NCDs, health behaviors, and psychosocial health in primary school children in disadvantaged communities in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. In addition, we aim to test a workplace health intervention for teachers.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted in 8 schools. Approximately 1000 grade 4 to grade 6 school children, aged 9 to 13 years, and approximately 60 teachers will be recruited during a baseline survey in early 2019. For school children, the study is designed as a 36-week, cluster RCT (KaziKidz intervention), whereas for teachers, a 24-week intervention phase (KaziHealth intervention) is planned. The intervention program consists of 3 main components; namely, (1) KaziKidz and KaziHealth teaching material, (2) workshops, and (3) teacher coaches. After randomization, 4 of the 8 schools will receive the education program, whereas the other schools will serve as the control group. Intervention schools will be further randomized to the different combinations of 2 additional intervention components: teacher workshops and teacher coaching.

Results: This study builds on previous experience and will generate new evidence on health intervention responses to NCD risk factors in school settings as a decision tool for future controlled studies that will enable comparisons among marginalized communities between South African and other African settings.

Conclusions: The KaziKidz teaching material is a holistic educational and instructional tool designed for primary school teachers in low-resource settings, which is in line with South Africa's Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement. The ready-to-use lessons and assessments within KaziKidz should facilitate the use and implementation of the teaching material. Furthermore, the KaziHealth interventions should empower teachers to take care of their health through knowledge gains regarding disease risk factors, physical activity, fitness, psychosocial health, and nutrition indicators. Teachers as role models will be able to promote better health behaviors and encourage a healthy and active lifestyle for children at school. We conjecture that improved health and well-being increase teachers' productivity with trickle-down effects on the children they teach and train.

Trial registration: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 18485542; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN18485542.

International registered report identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/14097.

Keywords: South Africa; anthropometry; cardiovascular; children’s health; cognitive function; diabetic complications; marginalization; physical activity; physical fitness; schools.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: AA, ZG, and CW and are employees of the Novartis Foundation (Basel, Switzerland). All other authors declare no financial competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A conceptual framework of the KaziBantu study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Study area (Port Elizabeth, South Africa) and location of the 8 schools participating in the KaziBantu study. Source: Kartendaten, AfriGID (Pty) Ltd.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A pictorial display of the KaziBantu study design.
Figure 4
Figure 4
KaziBantu study design of testing the KaziKidz teaching material.
Figure 5
Figure 5
KaziBantu study design of testing the KaziHealth tools.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The 20-week workplace health promotion program for teachers.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Measurements and tests performed among school children (a) and teachers (b) in the KaziBantu study.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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