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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2020 Jan;157(1):198-204.
doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.06.018. Epub 2019 Jul 9.

A Randomized Trial of Nebulized Lignocaine, Lignocaine Spray, or Their Combination for Topical Anesthesia During Diagnostic Flexible Bronchoscopy

Sahajal Dhooria  1 , Shivani Chaudhary  1 , Babu Ram  1 , Inderpaul Singh Sehgal  1 , Valliappan Muthu  1 , Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad  1 , Ashutosh N Aggarwal  1 , Ritesh Agarwal  2
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

A Randomized Trial of Nebulized Lignocaine, Lignocaine Spray, or Their Combination for Topical Anesthesia During Diagnostic Flexible Bronchoscopy

Sahajal Dhooria et al. Chest. 2020 Jan.

Abstract

Background: The optimal mode of delivering topical anesthesia during flexible bronchoscopy remains unknown. This article compares the efficacy and safety of nebulized lignocaine, lignocaine oropharyngeal spray, or their combination.

Methods: Consecutive subjects were randomized 1:1:1 to receive nebulized lignocaine (2.5 mL of 4% solution, group A), oropharyngeal spray (10 actuations of 10% lignocaine, group B), or nebulization (2.5 mL, 4% lignocaine) and two actuations of 10% lignocaine spray (group C). The primary outcome was the subject-rated severity of cough according to a visual analog scale. The secondary outcomes included bronchoscopist-rated severity of cough and overall procedural satisfaction on a visual analog scale, total lignocaine dose, subject's willingness to undergo a repeat procedure, adverse reactions to lignocaine, and others.

Results: A total of 1,050 subjects (median age, 51 years; 64.8% men) were included. The median (interquartile range) score for subject-rated cough severity was significantly lower in group B compared to group C or group A (4 [1-10] vs 11 [4-24] vs 13 [5-30], respectively; P < .001). The bronchoscopist-rated severity of cough was also the least (P < .001), and the overall satisfaction was highest in group B (P < .001). The cumulative lignocaine dose administered was the least in group B (P < .001). A significantly higher proportion of subjects (P < .001) were willing to undergo a repeat bronchoscopy in group B (73.7%) than in groups A (49.1%) and C (59.4%). No lignocaine-related adverse events were observed.

Conclusions: Ten actuations of 10% lignocaine oropharyngeal spray were superior to nebulized lignocaine or their combination for topical anesthesia during diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy.

Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT03109392; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.

Keywords: aerosol; anesthesia; biopsy; bronchoscopy; cough; pain.

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