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. 2013 Jun 11;48(1):3-10.
doi: 10.1016/j.rboe.2012.10.001. eCollection 2013 Jan-Feb.

Congenital deformities of the upper limbs. Part II: failure of formation and duplications

Edgard Novaes França Bisneto  1
Affiliations

Congenital deformities of the upper limbs. Part II: failure of formation and duplications

Edgard Novaes França Bisneto. Rev Bras Ortop. .

Abstract

This article, presented in three sections, review the most common upper limb malformations and their treatments. In this section two there's a discussion about failure of formation and duplication of the parts. The bibliography is continuous since section one.

Keywords: Congenital Abnormalities; Deformities/history; Upper Extremity; Upper Extremity Congenital.

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Figures

Fig. 12
Fig. 12
Congenital dislocation of the radial head.
Fig. 13
Fig. 13
Simple/complete syndactyly (A, B). After the operation (C, D).
Fig. 14
Fig. 14
Ulnar club hand with syndactyly. Before operation (A, B); during operation with skin graft (C, D, E); after operation (F).
Fig. 15
Fig. 15
Apert syndrome and complex syndactyly.
Fig. 16
Fig. 16
Use of external fixators for treating syndactyly.
Fig. 17
Fig. 17
Poland syndrome. Note aplasia of the pectoralis major muscle.
Fig. 18
Fig. 18
Zetaplasty of pterygium.
Fig. 19
Fig. 19
Stretching of first metacarpal. Type II hypoplastic thumb.
Fig. 20
Fig. 20
Buck-Gramcko pollicization method.
Fig. 21
Fig. 21
Pollicization.
Fig. 22
Fig. 22
Pollicization. Note interosseous repair for transfer.
Fig. 23
Fig. 23
Camptodactyly. Transfer of flexor digitorum superficialis to extensor and lateral flap: before operation (A); during operation (B, C); after operation, note the difference between the operated and non-operated sides (D)..
Fig. 24
Fig. 24
Detail of lateral flap.
Fig. 25
Fig. 25
Clinodactyly. Wedge osteotomy for closure and realignment of extensor tendon.
Fig. 26
Fig. 26
“Delta” phalange associated with hypoplasia of the second finger, bilaterally. Right side operated with osteotomy of the “delta” phalange.
Fig. 27
Fig. 27
Wassel's classification36 and incidence of each type.
Fig. 28
Fig. 28
Ligament reconstruction scheme, with or without osteotomy and joint realignment.
Fig. 29
Fig. 29
Type V duplicated thumb. Resection of hypoplastic thumb with reinsertion of ligament and long abductor of the thumb.
Fig. 30
Fig. 30
Bilhaut-Cloquet: classic (A) and variations (B, C, D)., , , , , ,
Fig. 31
Fig. 31
Modified Bilhaut-Cloquet.
Fig. 32
Fig. 32
Triphalangeal duplicated thumb. This case underwent resection of the radial thumb, ligament realignment and partial resection of the proximal phalange.
Fig. 33
Fig. 33
Ulnar duplication.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Kozin S.H. Upper-extremity congenital anomalies. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85–A(8):1564–1576. - PubMed
    1. Mattar R., Jr. Deformidades congênitas do membro superior. Acta Ortop Bras. 1995;3(2):77–92.
    1. James M., Bednar M. Deformities of the wrist and forearm. In: Green D.P., Pederson M.D., Hotchkiss R.N., Wolf S.W., editors. Green's operative hand surgery. 5ª ed. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; Philadelphia: 2005. pp. 1469–1479.
    1. Manske P.R., Goldfarb C.A. Congenital failure of formation of the upper limb. In: Congenital hand differences. Hand Clin. 2009;25(2):157–170. - PubMed
    1. Kozin S.H. Congenital differences about the elbow. In: Congenital hand differences. Hand Clin. 2009;25(2):277–291. - PubMed

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