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. 2017 Jul-Dec;8(2):113-123.
doi: 10.5958/2394-2061.2017.00005.2. Epub 2016 Dec 30.

Prevalence of spontaneous dyskinesia in first episode, drug naive schizophrenia, and its relation to the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Samrat Singh Bhandari  1 , Dipesh Bhagabati  2
Affiliations

Prevalence of spontaneous dyskinesia in first episode, drug naive schizophrenia, and its relation to the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Samrat Singh Bhandari et al. Open J Psychiatry Allied Sci. 2017 Jul-Dec.

Abstract

Aims and objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence of abnormal involuntary movement in never medicated patients with schizophrenia and to find its relation with demographic variables, and with the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia; this study also aims to assess the topography of the dyskinesia.

Methodology: Socio-demographic data of 100 consecutively selected patients who fulfilled the ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research were collected in a 12-month period. These patients were rated with the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Patients were labeled as having spontaneous dyskinesia if they fulfilled the criteria of Schooler and Kane which needs a score of two (mild) in at least two areas or score of three (moderate) or four (severe) in one area.

Results: Fifty two per cent of the study samples were male and 48% were female with mean age of 30.72 years with standard deviation of 8.7 years. Sixteen per cent of the patients had dyskinesia when examined with AIMS. However, only 14% fulfilled the Schooler and Kane's criteria for spontaneous dyskinesia. A strong correlation was found between the presence of dyskinesia and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. 57.1% of these 14 patients had dyskinesia located in their oral and facial region. Seventy one per cent of these patients with dyskinesia had no awareness of their involuntary movements.

Conclusions: Spontaneous dyskinesia, negative symptoms, and lack of awareness of the abnormal involuntary movement can be taken as one of the presenting symptoms of schizophrenia.

Keywords: Abnormal Involuntary Movement; Dyskinesia; Positive and Negative Symptoms; Schizophrenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interest: Dr. Bhandari reports that he is a Member of the Editorial Board of the Open Journal of Psychiatry and Allied Sciences. However the manuscript was independently reviewed without disclosing the identity of the author.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Topography of the abnormal involuntary movements in the 14 patients who met the Schooler and Kane criteria
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