Reproductive Coercion and Relationship Abuse Among Adolescents and Young Women Seeking Care at School Health Centers

Abstract

Objective: To investigate demographic differences and evaluate how reproductive coercion and relationship abuse influences young females' care-seeking and sexual health behaviors.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional baseline survey data from sexually active female students (aged 14-19 years) who sought care from school health centers. Outcomes included recent (previous 3 months) reproductive coercion, physical or sexual adolescent relationship abuse, and nonpartner sexual violence victimization. Cluster-adjusted χ tests compared demographics and generalized linear mixed models estimated associations among reproductive coercion, adolescent relationship abuse (physical and sexual abuse in romantic relationships), and care-seeking and sexual health behaviors.

Results: Of 550 sexually active high school females, 12% reported recent reproductive coercion and 17% reported physical or sexual adolescent relationship abuse, with no significant demographic differences. Prevalence of recent nonpartner sexual violence was 17%. There were no observed significant differences in care-seeking behaviors among those with recent reproductive coercion compared with those without. Physical or sexual adolescent relationship abuse was associated with increased odds of seeking testing or treatment for sexually transmitted infections (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.08, 95% CI 1.05-4.13). Females exposed to both adolescent relationship abuse and reproductive coercion had higher odds of having a partner who was 5 or more years older (aOR 4.66, 95% CI 1.51-14.4), having two or more recent sexual partners (aOR 3.86, 95% CI 1.57-9.48), and using hormonal contraception only (aOR 3.77, 95% CI 1.09-13.1 vs hormonal methods with condoms).

Conclusion: Almost one in eight females experienced recent reproductive coercion. We did not observe significant demographic differences in reproductive coercion. Partner age and number of sexual partners may elevate risk for abusive relationships. Relationship abuse is prevalent among high school students seeking care, with no clear pattern for case identification. By failing to identify factors associated with harmful partner behaviors, our results support universal assessment for reproductive coercion and relationship abuse among high school-aged adolescents, involving education, resources, and harm-reduction counseling to all patients.

Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01678378.

Fig. 1.. Participant experiences with reproductive coercion, adolescent relationship abuse, and nonpartner sexual violence. A total of 5.6%, 8.9%, and 8.9% of the total sample experienced either recent (previous 3 months) reproductive coercion only, adolescent relationship abuse only, or nonpartner sexual violence only, respectively. A total of 2.4% experienced both reproductive coercion and adolescent relationship abuse, 2.0% experienced both reproductive coercion and nonpartner sexual violence, and 4.0% experienced both adolescent relationship abuse and nonpartner sexual violence. Finally, a total of 2.0% experienced all three harmful partner behaviors.

Hill. Reproductive Coercion Among High-School Females. Obstet Gynecol 2019.