Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Jul 20;11(7):1217.
doi: 10.3390/polym11071217.

Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Propionate Films Functionalized with Reactive Ionic Liquids

Joanna Kujawa  1 , Edyta Rynkowska  1   2 , Kateryna Fatyeyeva  2 , Katarzyna Knozowska  1 , Andrzej Wolan  1 , Krzysztof Dzieszkowski  1 , Guoqiang Li  1 , Wojciech Kujawski  3
Affiliations

Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Propionate Films Functionalized with Reactive Ionic Liquids

Joanna Kujawa et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

1-(1,3-diethoxy-1,3-dioxopropan-2-ylo)-3-methylimidazolium bromide (RIL1_Br), 1-(2-etoxy-2-oxoethyl)-3-methylimidazolium bromide (RIL2_Br), 1-(2-etoxy-2-oxoethyl)-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (RIL3_BF4) ionic liquids were synthesized. Subsequently, the dense cellulose acetate propionate (CAP)-based materials containing from 9 to 28.6 wt % of these reactive ionic liquids were elaborated. Reactive ionic liquids (RILs) were immobilized in CAP as a result of the transesterification reaction. The yield of this reaction was over 90% with respect to the used RIL. The physicochemical properties of resultant films were studied using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The RIL incorporation influenced the morphology of films by increasing their surface roughness with the rise of RIL content. The thermal stability of CAP-based membranes was dependent on the nature of the ionic liquid. Nevertheless, it was proven that CAP films containing RILs were stable up to 120-150 °C. Transport properties were characterized by water permeation tests. It was found that the type and the amount of the ionic liquid in the CAP matrix substantially influenced the transport properties of the prepared hybrid materials.

Keywords: cellulose acetate propionate; material characterization; polymer membranes; reactive ionic liquid; transesterification reaction; water transport.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structure of cellulose acetate propionate (CAP).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structure of (A) 1-(1,3-diethoxy-1,3-dioxopropan-2-ylo)-3-methylimidazolium bromide (RIL1_Br), (B) 1-(2-etoxy-2-oxoethyl)-3-methylimidazolium bromide (RIL2_Br), and (C) 1-(2-etoxy-2-oxoethyl)-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (RIL3_BF4).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scheme of the transesterification reaction between CAP and RIL2_Br.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Scheme of water permeation setup.
Figure 5
Figure 5
1H (A) and 13C (B) NMR spectra of pristine (A1,B1) CAP and RIL1_Br (A2,B2), modified CAP with 9 wt % of RIL1_Br (A3,B3) and modified CAP with 23 wt % of RIL1_Br (A4,B4).
Figure 6
Figure 6
1H (A) and 13C (B) NMR spectra of pristine RIL2_Br (A1,B1), modified CAP with 9 wt % of RIL2_Br (A2,B2) and modified CAP with 23 wt % of RIL2_Br (A3,B3).
Figure 7
Figure 7
SEM images of surface and cross-section of (A) CAP-RIL1_Br, (B) CAP-RIL2_Br, and (C) CAP_RIL3_BF4 films.
Figure 8
Figure 8
SEM- energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) images of film surface: (A) CAP and CAP-RIL1_Br and (B) CAP and CAP-RIL2_Br films (green—carbon atoms, red—bromine atoms, and blue—oxygen atoms).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Thermogravimetric analysis of CAP-RIL films. A1, B1, C1-TGA and A2, B2, C2-DTG curves.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Infrared spectra for pure ionic liquids.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Physiochemical characterization of the formed polymeric materials modified with ILs. A–C—water contact angle, D–F—surface free energy.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Young’s modulus (A), stress at break (B), and elongation at break (C) of the CAP-based membranes modified with RILs.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Transport properties of pristine and modified materials, A–D curves of experimental and simulated water flux for investigated materials (A-CAP, B-CAP-9-RIL1_Br, C-CAP-9-RIL2_Br, D-CAP-9-RIL3_BF4) and water permeability as the function of ILs content (E). Barrer is equal to 3.35 x 10−16 mol m m−2 s−1 Pa−1 in SI unit.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Bolto B., Tran T., Hoang M., Xie Z. Crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2009;34:969–981. doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.05.003. - DOI
    1. Ye Y.-S., Rick J., Hwang B.-J. Ionic liquid polymer electrolytes. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2013;1:2719–2743. doi: 10.1039/C2TA00126H. - DOI
    1. Baker R.W. Membrane Technology and Applications. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; Hoboken, NJ, USA: 2004.
    1. Ulbricht M. Advanced functional polymer membranes. Polymer. 2006;47:2217–2262. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.01.084. - DOI
    1. Khulbe K.C., Feng C., Matsuura T. The art of surface modification of synthetic polymeric membranes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010;115:855–895. doi: 10.1002/app.31108. - DOI