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. 2019 Jul 23;7(7):CD001871.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001871.pub4.

Interventions for preventing obesity in children

Tamara Brown  1 , Theresa Hm Moore, Lee Hooper, Yang Gao, Amir Zayegh, Sharea Ijaz, Martha Elwenspoek, Sophie C Foxen, Lucia Magee, Claire O'Malley, Elizabeth Waters, Carolyn D Summerbell
Affiliations

Interventions for preventing obesity in children

Tamara Brown et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Editorial note: See https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015328.pub2, https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015330.pub2 and https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015326.pub2 for more recent reviews that cover this topic.

Background: Prevention of childhood obesity is an international public health priority given the significant impact of obesity on acute and chronic diseases, general health, development and well-being. The international evidence base for strategies to prevent obesity is very large and is accumulating rapidly. This is an update of a previous review.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of a range of interventions that include diet or physical activity components, or both, designed to prevent obesity in children.

Search methods: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO and CINAHL in June 2015. We re-ran the search from June 2015 to January 2018 and included a search of trial registers.

Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of diet or physical activity interventions, or combined diet and physical activity interventions, for preventing overweight or obesity in children (0-17 years) that reported outcomes at a minimum of 12 weeks from baseline.

Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently extracted data, assessed risk-of-bias and evaluated overall certainty of the evidence using GRADE. We extracted data on adiposity outcomes, sociodemographic characteristics, adverse events, intervention process and costs. We meta-analysed data as guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and presented separate meta-analyses by age group for child 0 to 5 years, 6 to 12 years, and 13 to 18 years for zBMI and BMI.

Main results: We included 153 RCTs, mostly from the USA or Europe. Thirteen studies were based in upper-middle-income countries (UMIC: Brazil, Ecuador, Lebanon, Mexico, Thailand, Turkey, US-Mexico border), and one was based in a lower middle-income country (LMIC: Egypt). The majority (85) targeted children aged 6 to 12 years.Children aged 0-5 years: There is moderate-certainty evidence from 16 RCTs (n = 6261) that diet combined with physical activity interventions, compared with control, reduced BMI (mean difference (MD) -0.07 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.14 to -0.01), and had a similar effect (11 RCTs, n = 5536) on zBMI (MD -0.11, 95% CI -0.21 to 0.01). Neither diet (moderate-certainty evidence) nor physical activity interventions alone (high-certainty evidence) compared with control reduced BMI (physical activity alone: MD -0.22 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.44 to 0.01) or zBMI (diet alone: MD -0.14, 95% CI -0.32 to 0.04; physical activity alone: MD 0.01, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.13) in children aged 0-5 years.Children aged 6 to 12 years: There is moderate-certainty evidence from 14 RCTs (n = 16,410) that physical activity interventions, compared with control, reduced BMI (MD -0.10 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.05). However, there is moderate-certainty evidence that they had little or no effect on zBMI (MD -0.02, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.02). There is low-certainty evidence from 20 RCTs (n = 24,043) that diet combined with physical activity interventions, compared with control, reduced zBMI (MD -0.05 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.10 to -0.01). There is high-certainty evidence that diet interventions, compared with control, had little impact on zBMI (MD -0.03, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.01) or BMI (-0.02 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.06).Children aged 13 to 18 years: There is very low-certainty evidence that physical activity interventions, compared with control reduced BMI (MD -1.53 kg/m2, 95% CI -2.67 to -0.39; 4 RCTs; n = 720); and low-certainty evidence for a reduction in zBMI (MD -0.2, 95% CI -0.3 to -0.1; 1 RCT; n = 100). There is low-certainty evidence from eight RCTs (n = 16,583) that diet combined with physical activity interventions, compared with control, had no effect on BMI (MD -0.02 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.05); or zBMI (MD 0.01, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.07; 6 RCTs; n = 16,543). Evidence from two RCTs (low-certainty evidence; n = 294) found no effect of diet interventions on BMI.Direct comparisons of interventions: Two RCTs reported data directly comparing diet with either physical activity or diet combined with physical activity interventions for children aged 6 to 12 years and reported no differences.Heterogeneity was apparent in the results from all three age groups, which could not be entirely explained by setting or duration of the interventions. Where reported, interventions did not appear to result in adverse effects (16 RCTs) or increase health inequalities (gender: 30 RCTs; socioeconomic status: 18 RCTs), although relatively few studies examined these factors.Re-running the searches in January 2018 identified 315 records with potential relevance to this review, which will be synthesised in the next update.

Authors' conclusions: Interventions that include diet combined with physical activity interventions can reduce the risk of obesity (zBMI and BMI) in young children aged 0 to 5 years. There is weaker evidence from a single study that dietary interventions may be beneficial.However, interventions that focus only on physical activity do not appear to be effective in children of this age. In contrast, interventions that only focus on physical activity can reduce the risk of obesity (BMI) in children aged 6 to 12 years, and adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. In these age groups, there is no evidence that interventions that only focus on diet are effective, and some evidence that diet combined with physical activity interventions may be effective. Importantly, this updated review also suggests that interventions to prevent childhood obesity do not appear to result in adverse effects or health inequalities.The review will not be updated in its current form. To manage the growth in RCTs of child obesity prevention interventions, in future, this review will be split into three separate reviews based on child age.

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Conflict of interest statement

Tamara Brown: no conflicts of interest to report Theresa Moore: no conflicts of interest to report Lee Hooper: no conflicts of interest to report Yang Gao: no conflicts of interest to report Amir Zayegh: no conflicts of interest to report Sharea Ijaz: no conflicts of interest to report Sophie Foxen: no conflicts of interest to report Lucia Magee: no conflicts of interest to report Claire O'Malley: no conflicts of interest to report Carolyn Summerbell: no conflicts of interest to report Martha Elwenspoek: no conflicts of interest to report

Figures

1
1
Flow of records
2
2
Increase in number of records retrieved and studies included in this systematic review from 2001 until 2017
3
3
Distribution of studies by location, age of children and type of intervention. * Total number of locations is 154 and not 153 (number of studies) as one study, Lana 2014, was located in both Spain and Mexico. Papadaki 2010 was located in 7 countries across Europe.
4
4
'Risk of bias' graph: review authors' judgements about each 'Risk of bias' item presented as percentages across all included studies
5
5
'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each 'Risk of bias' item for each included study
6
6
Funnel plots of all comparisons with more than 10 studies. A Funnel plot of comparison 3. Diet and physical activity interventions versus control in children aged 0‐5 years. Outcome: zBMI. No evidence of asymmetry (Egger test P = 0.958). B Funnel plot of comparison 3. Diet and physical activity interventions versus control in children aged 0‐5 years. Outcome: BMI. No evidence of asymmetry (Egger test P = 0.529). C Funnel plot of comparison 5. Physical activity interventions versus control in children aged 6‐12. Outcome: BMI. No evidence of asymmetry (Egger test P = 0.763). D Funnel plot of comparison 6. Physical activity interventions versus control in children aged 6‐12. Outcome: zBMI. No evidence of asymmetry (Egger test P = 0.304). E Funnel plot of comparison 6. Physical activity interventions versus control in children aged 6‐12. Outcome: BMI. No evidence of asymmetry (Egger test P = 0.768).
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary interventions versus control: age 0‐5 years, Outcome 1: zBMI
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2: Physical activity interventions versus control: age 0‐5 years, Outcome 1: zBMI. Physical activity vs control ‐ setting
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2: Physical activity interventions versus control: age 0‐5 years, Outcome 2: BMI. Physical activity vs control ‐ setting
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3: Diet and physical activity interventions versus control: age 0‐5 years, Outcome 1: zBMI. Diet and physical activity vs control ‐ setting
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3: Diet and physical activity interventions versus control: age 0‐5 years, Outcome 2: zBMI. Diet and physical activity vs control ‐ duration
3.3
3.3. Analysis
Comparison 3: Diet and physical activity interventions versus control: age 0‐5 years, Outcome 3: BMI. Diet and physical activity vs control ‐ setting
3.4
3.4. Analysis
Comparison 3: Diet and physical activity interventions versus control: age 0‐5 years, Outcome 4: BMI. Diet and physical activity vs control ‐ duration
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary interventions versus control: age 6‐12 years, Outcome 1: zBMI ‐ setting
4.2
4.2. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary interventions versus control: age 6‐12 years, Outcome 2: BMI ‐ setting
5.1
5.1. Analysis
Comparison 5: Physical activity interventions versus control: age 6‐12, Outcome 1: zBMI. Physical activity vs control ‐ setting
5.2
5.2. Analysis
Comparison 5: Physical activity interventions versus control: age 6‐12, Outcome 2: zBMI. Physical activity vs control ‐ duration
5.3
5.3. Analysis
Comparison 5: Physical activity interventions versus control: age 6‐12, Outcome 3: BMI. Physical activity vs control ‐ setting
5.4
5.4. Analysis
Comparison 5: Physical activity interventions versus control: age 6‐12, Outcome 4: BMI. Physical activity vs control ‐ duration
6.1
6.1. Analysis
Comparison 6: Diet and physical activity interventions vs control: age 6‐12 years, Outcome 1: zBMI. Diet and physical activity vs control ‐ setting
6.2
6.2. Analysis
Comparison 6: Diet and physical activity interventions vs control: age 6‐12 years, Outcome 2: zBMI. Diet and physical activity vs control ‐ duration
6.3
6.3. Analysis
Comparison 6: Diet and physical activity interventions vs control: age 6‐12 years, Outcome 3: BMI. Diet and physical activity vs control ‐ setting
6.4
6.4. Analysis
Comparison 6: Diet and physical activity interventions vs control: age 6‐12 years, Outcome 4: BMI. Diet and physical activity vs control ‐ duration
7.1
7.1. Analysis
Comparison 7: Diet interventions versus control: age 13‐18 years, Outcome 1: BMI ‐ setting
8.1
8.1. Analysis
Comparison 8: Physical activity interventions versus control: age 13‐18 years, Outcome 1: zBMI ‐ setting
8.2
8.2. Analysis
Comparison 8: Physical activity interventions versus control: age 13‐18 years, Outcome 2: zBMI ‐ duration
8.3
8.3. Analysis
Comparison 8: Physical activity interventions versus control: age 13‐18 years, Outcome 3: BMI ‐ setting
8.4
8.4. Analysis
Comparison 8: Physical activity interventions versus control: age 13‐18 years, Outcome 4: BMI ‐ duration
9.1
9.1. Analysis
Comparison 9: Diet and physical activity interventions versus control: age 13‐18 years, Outcome 1: zBMI ‐ setting
9.2
9.2. Analysis
Comparison 9: Diet and physical activity interventions versus control: age 13‐18 years, Outcome 2: zBMI ‐ duration
9.3
9.3. Analysis
Comparison 9: Diet and physical activity interventions versus control: age 13‐18 years, Outcome 3: BMI ‐ setting
9.4
9.4. Analysis
Comparison 9: Diet and physical activity interventions versus control: age 13‐18 years, Outcome 4: BMI ‐ duration
10.1
10.1. Analysis
Comparison 10: Dietary interventions versus physical activity interventions: age 6‐12 years, Outcome 1: zBMI
10.2
10.2. Analysis
Comparison 10: Dietary interventions versus physical activity interventions: age 6‐12 years, Outcome 2: BMI
11.1
11.1. Analysis
Comparison 11: Diet and physical activity versus physical activity interventions: age 6‐12 years, Outcome 1: zBMI
11.2
11.2. Analysis
Comparison 11: Diet and physical activity versus physical activity interventions: age 6‐12 years, Outcome 2: BMI
12.1
12.1. Analysis
Comparison 12: Dietary interventions versus diet and physical activity interventions: age 6‐12 years, Outcome 1: zBMI
12.2
12.2. Analysis
Comparison 12: Dietary interventions versus diet and physical activity interventions: age 6‐12 years, Outcome 2: BMI
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

References

References to studies included in this review

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Caballero 2003 {published data only}
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Crespo 2012 {published data only}
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Cunha 2013 {published data only}
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De Coen 2012 {published data only}
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Ebbeling 2006 {published data only}
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Fairclough 2013 {published data only}
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Farias 2015 {published data only}
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Feng 2004 {published data only}
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Fitzgibbon 2005 {published data only}
    1. Fitzgibbon ML, Stolley MR, Dyer AR, VanHorn L, KauferChristoffel K. A community-based obesity prevention program for minority children: rationale and study design for Hip-Hop to Health Jr. Preventive Medicine 2002;34:289-97. - PubMed
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Fitzgibbon 2006 {published data only}
    1. Fitzgibbon ML, Stolley MR, Schiffer L, Van Horn L, KauferChristoffel K, Dyer A. Hip-Hop to Health Jr. for Latino preschool children. Obesity 2006;14(9):1616-25. - PubMed
Fitzgibbon 2011 {published data only}
    1. Fitzgibbon ML, Stolley MR, Schiffer LA, Braunschweig CL, Gomez SL, Van Horn, et al. Hip-Hop to Health Jr. Obesity prevention effectiveness trial: postintervention results. Obesity 2011;19(5):994-1003. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kong A, Buscemi J, Stolley MR, Schiffer LA, Kim Y, Braunschweig CL, et al. Hip-Hop to Health Jr. Randomized effectiveness trial 1-year follow-up results. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2016;50(2):136-44. [DOI: ] - PMC - PubMed
Foster 2008 {published data only}
    1. Foster GD, Sherman S, Borradaile KE, Grundy KM, Vander Veur SS, Nachmani J, et al. A policy-based school intervention to prevent overweight and obesity. Pediatrics 2008;121(4):e794-802. [1098-4275: (Electronic)] - PubMed
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French 2011 {published data only}
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Fulkerson 2010 {published data only}
    1. Fulkerson JA, Rydell S, Kubik MY, Lytle L, Boutelle K, Story M, et al. Healthy Home Offerings via the Mealtime Environment (HOME): feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes of a pilot study. Obesity 2010;18 Suppl 1:S69-74. - PMC - PubMed
Gentile 2009 {published data only}
    1. Gentile DA, Welk G, Eisenmann JC, Reimer RA, Walsh DA, Russell DW, et al. Evaluation of a multiple ecological level child obesity prevention program: Switch what you Do, View, and Chew. BMC Medicine 2009;7:49. [1741-7015: (Electronic)] - PMC - PubMed
Gortmaker 1999a {published data only}
    1. Gortmaker SL, Peterson K, Wiecha J, Sobal AM, Dixit S, Fox MK, et al. A school-based, interdisciplinary curriculum in grades 6 and 7 reduced obesity in girls. Evidence Based Nursing 2000;3:13.
    1. Gortmaker SL, Peterson K, Wiecha J, Sobal AM, Dixit S, Fox MK, et al. Reducing obesity via a school-based interdisciplinary intervention among youth. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 1999;153(4):409-18. - PubMed
    1. Wang LY, Yang Q, Lowry R, Wechsler H. Economic analysis of a school-based obesity prevention program. Obesity Research 2003;11(11):1313-24. - PubMed
Grydeland 2014 {published data only}
    1. Bjelland M, Hausken SE, Bergh IH, Grydeland M, Klepp K-I, Andersen LF, et al. Changes in adolescents' and parents' intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit and vegetables after 20 months: results from the HEIA study - a comprehensive, multi-component school-based randomized trial. Food and Nutrition Research 2015;59:25932. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Grydeland M, Bjelland M, Anderssen SA, Klepp K-I, Bergh IH, Andersen LF, et al. Effects of a 20-month cluster randomised controlled school-based intervention trial on BMI of school-aged boys and girls: the HEIA study. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2014;48(9):768-73. - PMC - PubMed
Gutin 2008 {published data only}
    1. Gutin B, Yin Z, Johnson M, Barbeau P. Preliminary findings of the effect of a 3-year after-school physical activity intervention on fitness and body fat: the Medical College of Georgia Fitkid Project. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2008;3 Suppl 1:3-9. [1747-7174: (Electronic)] - PubMed
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    1. Yin Z, Moore JB, Johnson MH, Barbeau P, Cavnar M, Thornburg J, et al. The Medical College of Georgia FitKid Project: the relations between program attendance and changes in outcomes in year 1. International Journal of Obesity 2005;29:S40-S45. - PubMed
Habib‐Mourad 2014 {published data only}
    1. Habib-Mourad C. An intervention to promote healthy eating and physical activity in Lebanese school children: Health-E-PALS, a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. In: Obesity Facts. 2014.
Haerens 2006 {published data only}
    1. Haerens L, Deforche B, Maes L, Cardon G, Stevens V, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Evaluation of a 2-year physical activity and healthy eating intervention in middle school children. Health Education Research 2006;21(6):911-21. - PubMed
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Haines 2013 {published data only}
    1. Haines J, McDonald J, O'Brien A, Sherry B, Bottino C. Healthy Habits, Happy Homes: randomized trial to improve household routines for obesity prevention among preschool-aged children. JAMA Pediatrics 2013;167(11):1072-9. - PubMed
Haire‐Joshu 2010 {published data only}
    1. Haire-Joshu D, Nanney MS, Elliott M, Davey C, Caito N, Loman D, et al. The use of mentoring programs to improve energy balance behaviors in high-risk children. Obesity 2010;18 Suppl 1:S75-83. - PMC - PubMed
Han 2006 {published data only}
    1. Han X, Ling P, Chen Y. The outcome evaluation of the elementary students about 3-year in system-intervention of nutrition dinner in Yangpu District, Shanghai. Health Education and Health Promotion 2006;1:21-4.
Harvey‐Berino 2003 {published data only}
    1. Harvey-Berino J, Rourke J. Obesity prevention in preschool Native-American children: a pilot study using home visiting. Obesity Research 2003;11:606-11. - PubMed
HEALTHY Study Gp 2010 {published data only}
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Hendy 2011 {published data only}
    1. Hendy HM, Williams KE, Camise TS. Kid's Choice Program improves weight management behaviors and weight status in school children. Appetite 2011;56(2):484-94. - PubMed
Herscovici 2013 {published data only}
    1. Herscovici CR, Kovalskys I, De Gregorio MJ. Gender differences and a school-based obesity prevention program in Argentina: a randomized trial. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica [Pan American Journal of Public Health] 2013;34(2):75-82. - PubMed
Howe 2011 {published data only}
    1. Howe CA, Harris RA, Gutin B. A 10-month physical activity intervention improves body composition in young black boys. Journal of Obesity 2011;2011:358581. - PMC - PubMed
James 2004 {published data only}
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Jansen 2011 {published data only}
    1. Jansen W, Borsboom G, Meima A, Zwanenburg EJ-V, Mackenbach J. Effectiveness of a primary school-based intervention to reduce overweight. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2011;6(2-2):e70-7. - PubMed
Johnston 2013 {published data only}
    1. Johnston CA, Moreno JP, El-Mubasher A, Gallagher M, Tyler C, Woehler D. Impact of a school-based pediatric obesity prevention program facilitated by health professionals. Journal of School Health 2013;83(3):171-81. - PubMed
Kain 2014 {published data only}
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Keller 2009 {published data only}
    1. Keller A, Klossek A, Gausche R, Hoepffner W, Kiess W, Keller E. Prevention for obesity in children [Gezielte primäre Adipositasprävention bei Kindern]. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 2009;134:13-8. - PubMed
Khan 2014 {published data only}
    1. Khan NA, Raine LB, Drollette ES, Scudder MR, Pontifex MB, Castelli DM, et al. Impact of the FITKids physical activity intervention on adiposity in prepubertal children. Pediatrics 2014;133(4):e875-83. - PMC - PubMed
Kipping 2008 {published data only}
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Kipping 2014 {published data only}
    1. Kipping RR, Howe LD, Jago R, Campbell R, Wells S, Chittleborough CR, et al. Effect of intervention aimed at increasing physical activity, reducing sedentary behaviour, and increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children: Active for Life Year 5 (AFLY5) school based cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2014;348:g3256. - PMC - PubMed
Klein 2010 {published data only}
    1. Klein D, De Toia D, Weber S, Wessely N, Koch B, Dordel S, et al. Effects of a low threshold health promotion intervention on the BMI in pre-school children under consideration of parental participation. e-SPEN, the European e-Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism 2010;5(3):e125-31.
Klesges 2010 {published data only}
    1. Klesges RC, Obarzanek E, Kumanyika S. The Memphis girls' health enrichment multi-site studies (GEMS): an evaluation of the efficacy of a 2-year obesity prevention program in African American girls. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2010;164(11):1007-14. - PMC - PubMed
Kriemler 2010 {published data only}
    1. Hartmann T, Zahner L, Puhse U, Puder J. Effects of a school-based physical activity program on physical and psychosocial quality of life in elementary school children: a cluster-randomized trial. Pediatric Exercise Science 2010;22(4):511-22. - PubMed
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Lana 2014 {published data only}
    1. Lana A, Faya-Ornia G, Lopez ML. Impact of a web-based intervention supplemented with text messages to improve cancer prevention behaviors among adolescents: results from a randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine 2014;59:54-9. - PubMed
Lazaar 2007 {published data only}
    1. Lazaar N, Aucouturier J, Ratel S, Rance M, Meyer M, Duché P. Effect of physical activity intervention on body composition in young children: influence of body mass index status and gender. Acta Paediatrica 2007;96(9):1315-20. - PMC - PubMed
Levy 2012 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Levy TS, Morales Ruán C, Amaya Castellanos C, Salazar Coronel A, Jiménez Aguilar A, Méndez Gómez Humarán I. Effectiveness of a diet and physical activity promotion strategy on the prevention of obesity in Mexican school children. BMC Public Health 2012;12:152. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-152] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Li 2010a {published data only}
    1. Li YP, Hu XQ, Schouten EG, Liu AL, Du SM, Li LZ, et al. Report on childhood obesity in China (8): effects and sustainability of physical activity intervention on body composition of Chinese youth. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010;23(3):180-7. - PubMed
Llargues 2012 {published data only}
    1. Llargues E, Franco R, Recasens A, Nadal A, Vila M, Perez MJ, et al. Assessment of a school-based intervention in eating habits and physical activity in school children: the AVall study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2011;65(10):896-901. - PMC - PubMed
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Lubans 2011 {published data only}
    1. Lubans DR, Morgan PJ, Aguiar EJ, Callister R. Randomized controlled trial of the Physical Activity Leaders (PALs) program for adolescent boys from disadvantaged secondary schools. Preventive Medicine 2011;52(3-4):239-46. - PubMed
Macias‐Cervantes 2009 {published data only}
    1. Macias-Cervantes MH, Malacara JM, Garay-Sevilla ME, Diaz-Cisneros FJ. Effect of recreational physical activity on insulin levels in Mexican/Hispanic children. The European Journal of Pediatrics 2009;168(10):1195-202. [1432-1076: (Electronic)] - PubMed
Madsen 2013 {published data only}
    1. Madsen K, Thompson H, Adkins A, Crawford Y. School-community partnerships: a cluster-randomized trial of an after-school soccer program. JAMA Pediatrics 2013;167(4):321-6. - PMC - PubMed
Magnusson 2012 {published data only}
    1. Hrafnkelsson H, Magnusson KT, Thorsdottir I, Johannsson E, Sigurdsson E. Result of school-based intervention on cardiovascular risk factors. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 2014;32(4):149-55. - PMC - PubMed
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Marcus 2009 {published data only}
    1. Marcus C, Nyberg G, Nordenfelt A, Karpmyr M, Kowalski J, Ekelund U. A 4-year, cluster-randomized, controlled childhood obesity prevention study: STOPP. International Journal of Obesity 2009;33(4):408-17. [03070565] - PubMed
Martinez‐Vizcaino 2014 {published data only}
    1. Martinez-Vizcaino V, Sanchez-Lopez M, Notario-Pacheco B, Salcedo-Aguilar F, Solera-Martínez M, Franquelo-Morales P, et al. Gender differences on effectiveness of a school-based physical activity intervention for reducing cardiometabolic risk: a cluster randomized trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2014;11:154. - PMC - PubMed
Mauriello 2010 {published data only}
    1. Mauriello LM, Ciavatta MM, Paiva AL, Sherman KJ, Castle PH, Johnson JL, et al. Results of a multi-media multiple behavior obesity prevention program for adolescents. Preventive Medicine 2010;51(6):451-6. - PMC - PubMed
Melnyk 2013 {published data only}
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Meng 2013 {published data only}
    1. Meng L, Xu H, Liu A, Van Raaij J, Bemelmans W, Hu X, et al. The costs and cost-effectiveness of a school-based comprehensive intervention study on childhood obesity in China. PLoS ONE 2013;8(10):e77971. - PMC - PubMed
Mihas 2010 {published data only}
    1. Mihas C, Mariolis A, Manios Y, Naska A, Arapaki A, Mariolis-Sapsakos T, et al. Evaluation of a nutrition intervention in adolescents of an urban area in Greece: short- and long-term effects of the VYRONAS study. Public Health Nutrition 2010;13(5):712-9. - PubMed
Morgan 2011 {published data only}
    1. Morgan PJ, Lubans DR, Callister R, Okely AD, Burrows TL, Fletcher R, et al. The 'Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids' randomized controlled trial: efficacy of a healthy lifestyle program for overweight fathers and their children. International Journal of Obesity 2011;35(3):436-47. - PubMed
Mo‐suwan 1998 {published and unpublished data}
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Muckelbauer 2010 {published data only}
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Natale 2014 {published data only}
    1. Natale RA, Lopez-Mitnik G, Uhlhorn SB, Asfour L, Messiah SE. Effect of a child care center-based obesity prevention program on body mass index and nutrition practices among preschool-aged children. Health Promotion Practice 2014;15(5):695-705. - PubMed
Nemet 2011 {published data only}
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Neumark‐Sztainer 2003 {published data only}
    1. Friend S, Flattum CF, Simpson D, Nederhoff DM, Neumark-Sztainer D. The researchers have left the building: what contributes to sustaining school-based interventions following the conclusion of formal research support? Journal of School Health 2014;84(5):326-33. - PMC - PubMed
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Neumark‐Sztainer 2010 {published data only}
    1. Neumark-Sztainer DR, Friend SE, Flattum CF, Hannan PJ, Story MT, Bauer KW, et al. New moves-preventing weight-related problems in adolescent girls a group-randomized study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2010;39(5):421-32. - PMC - PubMed
Nollen 2014 {published data only}
    1. Nollen NL, Mayo MS, Carlson SE, Rapoff MA, Goggin KJ, Ellerbeck EF. Mobile technology for obesity prevention: a randomized pilot study in racial- and ethnic-minority girls. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014;46(4):404-8. - PMC - PubMed
Nyberg 2015 {published data only}
    1. Nyberg G, Sundblom E, Norman A, Bohman B, Hagberg J, Elinder LS. Effectiveness of a universal parental support programme to promote healthy dietary habits and physical activity and to prevent overweight and obesity in 6-year-old children: the healthy school start study, a cluster-randomised controlled trial. PLoS ONE 2015;10(2):e0116876. - PMC - PubMed
Ostbye 2012 {published data only}
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Paineau 2008 {published data only}
    1. Paineau DL, Beaufils F, Boulier A, Cassuto DA, Chwalow J, Combris P, et al. Family dietary coaching to improve nutritional intakes and body weight control: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2008;162(1):34-43. [1538-3628: (Electronic)] - PubMed
Papadaki 2010 {published data only}
    1. Damsgaard CT. Higher protein diets consumed ad libitum improve cardiovascular risk markers in children of overweight parents from eight European countries [Erratum appears in J Nutr. 2014 Dec;144(12):2094]. Journal of Nutrition 2013;143(6):810-7. - PubMed
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Pate 2005 {published data only}
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Patrick 2006 {published data only}
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Paul 2011 {published data only}
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Peralta 2009 {published data only}
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Puder 2011 {published data only}
    1. Burgi F, Niederer I, Schindler C, Bodenmann P, Marques-Vidal P, Kriemler S, et al. Effect of a lifestyle intervention on adiposity and fitness in socially disadvantaged subgroups of preschoolers: a cluster-randomized trial (Ballabeina). Preventive Medicine 2012;54(5):335-40. - PubMed
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Reed 2008 {published data only}
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Reilly 2006 {published data only}
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Robbins 2006 {published data only}
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Robinson 2003 {published data only}
    1. Robinson TN, Killen JD, Kraemer HC, Wilson DM, Matheson DM, Haskell WL, et al. Dance and reducing television viewing to prevent weight gain in African-American girls: the Stanford GEMS pilot study. Ethnicity and Disease 2003;13 Suppl 1:S65-77. - PubMed
Robinson 2010 {published data only}
    1. Robinson TN, Matheson DM, Kraemer HC, Wilson DM, Obarzanek E, Thompson NS, et al. A randomized controlled trial of culturally tailored dance and reducing screen time to prevent weight gain in low-income African American girls: Stanford GEMS. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2010;164(11):995-1004. - PMC - PubMed
Rodearmel 2006 {published data only}
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Rosario 2012 {published data only}
    1. Rosario R, Araujo A, Oliveira B, Padrao P, Lopes O, Teixeira V, et al. Impact of an intervention through teachers to prevent consumption of low nutrition, energy-dense foods and beverages: a randomized trial. Preventive Medicine 2013;57(1):20-5. - PubMed
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Rosenkranz 2010 {published data only}
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Roth 2015 {published data only}
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Rush 2012 {published data only}
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Safdie 2013 {published data only}
    1. Salfdie M, Jennings-Aburto N, Lévesque L, Janssen I, Campirano-Núñez F, López-Olmedo N, et al. Impact of a school-based intervention program on obesity risk factors in Mexican children. Salud Publica de Mexico 2013;55(Suppl 3):S374-S387. - PubMed
Sahota 2001 {published data only}
    1. Sahota P, Rudolf MC, Dixey R, Hill AJ, Barth JH, Cade J. Evaluation of implementation and effect of primary school based intervention to reduce risk factors for obesity. BMJ 2001;323:1027-9. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sahota P, Rudolf MC, Dixey R, Hill AJ, Barth JH, Cade J. Randomised controlled trial of primary school based intervention to reduce risk factors for obesity. BMJ 2001;323:1029-32. - PMC - PubMed
Sallis 1993 {published data only}
    1. Sallis JF, McKenzie TL, Alcaraz JE, Kolody B, Hovell MF, Nader PR. Project SPARK. Effects of physical education on adiposity in children. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1993;699:127-36. - PubMed
Salmon 2008 {published data only}
    1. Salmon J, Ball K, Crawford D, Booth M, Telford A, Hume C, et al. Reducing sedentary behaviour and increasing physical activity among 10-year-old children: overview and process evaluation of the ‘Switch-Play’ intervention. Health Promotion International 2005;20(1):7-17. - PubMed
    1. Salmon J, Ball K, Hume C, Booth M, Crawford D. Outcomes of a group-randomized trial to prevent excess weight gain, reduce screen behaviours and promote physical activity in 10-year-old children: switch-play. International Journal of Obesity 2008;32(4):601-12. [1476-5497: (Electronic)] - PubMed
Santos 2014 {published data only}
    1. Santos RG, Durksen A, Rabbanni R, Chanoine JP, Lamboo Miln A, Mayer T, et al. Effectiveness of peer-based healthy living lesson plans on anthropometric measures and physical activity in elementary school students: a cluster randomized trial. [Erratum appears in JAMA Pediatr. 2015 Jan;169(1):96]. JAMA Pediatrics 2014;168(4):330-7. - PubMed
Sevinc 2011 {published data only}
    1. Sevinc O, Bozkurt AI, Gundogdu M, Bas Aslan U, Agbuga B, Aslan S, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of an intervention program on preventing childhood obesity in Denizli, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2011;41(6):1097-105.
Shin 2015 {published data only}
    1. Shin A, Surkan PJ, Coutinho AJ, Suratkar SR, Campbell RK, Rowan M, et al. Impact of Baltimore healthy eating zones: an environmental intervention to improve diet among African American youth. Health Education & Behavior 2015;42(1 Suppl):97S-105S. - PubMed
Sichieri 2009 {published data only}
    1. Sichieri R, Paula Trotte A, Souza RA, Veiga GV. School randomised trial on prevention of excessive weight gain by discouraging students from drinking sodas. Public Health Nutrition 2009;12(2):197-202. [1368-9800: (Print)] - PubMed
Siegrist 2013 {published data only}
    1. Siegrist M, Lammel C, Haller B, Christle J, Halle M. Effects of a physical education program on physical activity, fitness, and health in children: the JuvenTUM project. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2013;23(3):323-30. - PubMed
Simon 2008 {published data only}
    1. Simon C, Kellou N, Dugas J, Platat C, Copin N, Schweitzer B, et al. A socio-ecological approach promoting physical activity and limiting sedentary behavior in adolescence showed weight benefits maintained 2.5 years after intervention cessation. International Journal of Obesity 2014;38(7):936-43. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Simon C, Schweitzer B, Oujaa M, Wagner A, Arveiler D, Triby E, et al. Successful overweight prevention in adolescents by increasing physical activity: a 4-year randomized controlled intervention. International Journal of Obesity 2008;32(10):1489-98. [1476-5497: (Electronic)] - PubMed
    1. Simon C, Wagner A, DiVita C, Rauscher E, Klein-Platat C, Arveiler D, et al. Intervention centred on adolescents’ physical activity and sedentary behaviour (ICAPS): concept and 6-month results. International Journal of Obesity 2004;28:S96-S103. - PubMed
    1. Simon C, Wagner A, Platat C, Arveiler D, Schweitzer B, SchliengerJL et al. ICAPS: a multilevel program to improve physical activity in adolescents. Diabetes Metab 2006; 2006;32:41–49.. - PubMed
Singh 2009 {published data only}
    1. Singh AS, Chin A Paw MJ, Brug J, Van Mechelen W. Dutch obesity intervention in teenagers: effectiveness of a school-based program on body composition and behavior. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2009;163(4):309-17. [1538-3628: (Electronic)] - PubMed
    1. Singh AS, Chin A Paw MJ, Brug J, Van Mechelen W. Short-term effects of school-based weight gain prevention among adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2007;161:565-71. - PubMed
    1. Singh AS, Paw MJMCA, Kremers SPJ, Visscher TLS, Brug J, Van Mechelen W. Study Protocol: Design of the Dutch Obesity Intervention in Teenagers (NRG-DOiT): systematic development, implementation and evaluation of a school-based intervention aimed at the prevention of excessive weight gain in adolescents. BMC Public Health 2006;6:304. - PMC - PubMed
Skouteris 2016 {published data only}
    1. Skouteris H, Hill B, McCabe M, Swinburn B, Busija L. A parent-based intervention to promote healthy eating and active behaviours in pre-school children: evaluation of the MEND 2-4 randomized controlled trial. Pediatric Obesity 2016;11(1):4-10. - PubMed
Slusser 2012 {published data only}
    1. Slusser W, Frankel F, Robison K, Fischer H, Cumberland W. Pediatric overweight prevention through a parent training program for 2-4 year old Latino children. Childhood Obesity 2012;8(1):52-9. - PubMed
Smith 2014 {published data only}
    1. Smith JJ, Morgan PJ, Plotnikoff RC, Dally KA, Salmon J, Okely AD, et al. Smart-phone obesity prevention trial for adolescent boys in low-income communities: the ATLAS RCT. Pediatrics 2014;134(3):e723-31. - PubMed
Spiegel 2006 {published data only}
    1. Spiegel SA, Foulk D. Reducing overweight through a multidisciplinary school-based intervention. Obesity 2006;14(1):88-96. - PubMed
Stolley 1997 {published data only}
    1. Stolley MR, Fitzgibbon ML. Effects of an obesity prevention program on the eating behaviour of African American mothers and daughters. Health Education and Behaviour 1997;24(2):152-64. - PubMed
Story 2003 {published data only}
    1. Rochon J, Klesges RC, Story M, Robinson TN, Baranowski T, Obarzanek E, et al. Common design elements of the girls health enrichment multi-site studies (GEMS). Ethnicity and Disease 2003;13(Suppl 1):S6-S14. - PubMed
    1. Story M, Sherwood NE, Himes JH, Davis M, Jacobs DR Jr, Cartwright Y, et al. An after-school obesity prevention program for African-American girls: the Minnesota GEMS pilot study. Ethnicity and Disease 2003;13(Suppl 1):S54-64. - PubMed
    1. Story M, Sherwood NE, Obarzanek E, Beech BM, Baranowski JC, Thompson NS, et al. Recruitment of African-American pre-adolescent girls into an obesity prevention trial: the GEMS pilot studies. Ethnicity and Disease 2003;13(Suppl 1):S78-S87. - PubMed
Story 2012 {published data only}
    1. Story M, Hannan O, Fulkerson JA, Rock BH, Smyth M, Arcan C, et al. Bright Start: description and main outcomes from a group-randomized obesity prevention trial in American Indian children. Obesity 2012;20(11):2241-9. - PMC - PubMed
Telford 2012 {published data only}
    1. Telford RD, Cunningham RB, Fitzgerald R, Olive LS, Prosser L, Jiang X, et al. Physical education, obesity, and academic achievement: a 2-year longitudinal investigation of Australian elementary school children. American Journal of Public Health 2012;102(2):368-74. - PMC - PubMed
Thivel 2011 {published data only}
    1. Thivel D, Isacco L, Lazaar N, Aucouturier J, Ratel S, Dore E, et al. Effect of a 6-month school-based physical activity program on body composition and physical fitness in lean and obese schoolchildren. European Journal of Pediatrics 2011;170(11):1435-43. - PubMed
Velez 2010 {published data only}
    1. Velez A, Golem DL, Arent SM. The impact of a 12-week resistance training program on strength, body composition, and self-concept of Hispanic adolescents. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 2010;24(4):1065-73. - PubMed
Verbestel 2014 {published data only}
    1. Verbestel V, De Coen V, Van Winckel M, Huybrechts I, Maes L, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Prevention of overweight in children younger than 2 years old: a pilot cluster-randomized controlled trial. Public Health Nutrition 2014;17(6):1384-92. - PMC - PubMed
Viggiano 2015 {published data only}
    1. Viggiano A, Viggiano E, Di Costanzo A, Viggiano A, Andreozzi E, Romano V, et al. Kaledo, a board game for nutrition education of children and adolescents at school: cluster randomized controlled trial of healthy lifestyle promotion. European Journal of Pediatrics 2015;174(2):217-28. - PubMed
Vizcaino 2008 {published data only}
    1. Vizcaíno VM, Aguilar FS, Gutiérrez RF, Martínez MS, López MS, Martínez SS, et al. Assessment of an after-school physical activity program to prevent obesity among 9- to 10-year-old children: a cluster randomized trial. International Journal of Obesity 2008;32:12-22. - PubMed
Wang 2012 {published data only}
    1. Wang Y, Yuan Y, Xu GF. Evaluating the effect of school-based children obesity prevention and control. Chinese Health Service Management 2012;4:317-9.
Warren 2003 {published data only}
    1. Warren JM, Henry CJ, Lightowler HJ, Bradshaw SM, Perwaiz S. Evaluation of a pilot school programme aimed at the prevention of obesity in children. Health Promotion International 2003;18(4):287-96. - PubMed
Weeks 2012 {published data only}
    1. Weeks BK, Beck BR. Twice-weekly, in-school jumping improves lean mass, particularly in adolescent boys. Pediatric Obesity 2012;7(3):196-204. - PubMed
Wen 2012 {published data only}
    1. Hayes A, Lung T, Wen LM, Baur L, Rissel C, Howard K. Economic evaluation of "healthy beginnings" an early childhood intervention to prevent obesity. Obesity 2014;22(7):1709-15. - PubMed
    1. Wen LM, Baur LA, Simpson JM, Rissel C, Wardle K, Flood VM. Effectiveness of home based early intervention on children's BMI at age 2: randomised controlled trial. [Erratum appears in BMJ. 2013;346:f1650]. BMJ 2012;344:e3732. - PMC - PubMed
Whittemore 2013 {published data only}
    1. Whittemore R, Jeon S, Grey M. An internet obesity prevention program for adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health 2013;52(4):439-47. - PMC - PubMed
Wilksch 2015 {published data only}
    1. Wilksch SM, Paxton SJ, Byrne SM, Austin SB, McLean SA, Thompson KM, et al. Prevention across the spectrum: a randomized controlled trial of three programs to reduce risk factors for both eating disorders and obesity. Psychological Medicine 2015;45(9):1811-23. - PubMed
Williamson 2012 {published data only}
    1. Newton RL, Thomson JL, Rau KK, Ragusa SA, Sample AD, Singleton NN, et al. Psychometric characteristics of process evaluation measures for a rural school-based childhood obesity prevention study: Louisiana Health. American Journal of Health Promotion 2011;25(6):417-21. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Williamson DA, Champagne CM, Harsha DW, Han H, Martin CK, Newton RL Jr, et al. Effect of an environmental school-based obesity prevention program on changes in body fat and body weight: a randomized trial. Obesity 2012;20(8):1653-61. - PMC - PubMed
Yilmaz 2015 {published data only}
    1. Yilmaz G, Demirli CN, Karacan CD. An intervention to preschool children for reducing screen time: a randomized controlled trial. Child: care, health and development 2015;41(3):443-9. - PubMed
Zask 2012 {published data only}
    1. Zask A, Adams JK, Brooks LO, Hughes DF. Tooty Fruity Vegie: an obesity prevention intervention evaluation in Australian preschools. Health Promotion Journal of Australia 2012;23(1):10-5. - PubMed
    1. Zask A, Barnett LM, Rose L, Brooks LO, Molyneux M, Hughes D, et al. Three year follow-up of an early childhood intervention: is movement skill sustained? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2012;9:127. - PMC - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Adab 2014 {published data only}
    1. Adab P, Pallan MJ, Cade J, Ekelund U, Barrett T, Daley A, et al. Preventing childhood obesity, phase II feasibility study focusing on South Asians: BEACHeS. BMJ Open 2014;4(4):e004579. - PMC - PubMed
Alexander 2014 {published data only}
    1. Alexander AG, Grant WL, Pedrino KJ, Lyons PE. A prospective multifactorial intervention on subpopulations of predominately Hispanic children at high risk for obesity. Obesity 2014;22(1):249-53. - PubMed
Almas 2013 {published data only}
    1. Almas A, Muhammad I, Tazeen J. School-based physical activity programme in preadolescent girls (9-11 years): a feasibility trial in Karachi, Pakistan. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2013;98(7):515-9. - PubMed
Al‐Nakeeb 2007 {published data only}
    1. Al-Nakeeb Y, Duncan MJ, Lyons M, Woodfield L. Body fatness and physical activity levels of young children. Annals of Human Biology 2007;34(1):1-12. [0301-4460: (Print)] - PubMed
Alves 2008 {published data only}
    1. Alves JG, Galé CR, Souza E, Batty GD. Effect of physical exercise on bodyweight in overweight children: a randomized controlled trial in a Brazilian slum. Cad Saude Publica 2008;24(Suppl 2):S353-9. - PubMed
Annesi 2015 {published data only}
    1. Annesi JJ, Howton A, Johnson PH, Porter KJ. Pilot testing a cognitive-behavioral protocol on psychosocial predictors of exercise, nutrition, weight, and body satisfaction changes in a college-level health-related fitness course. Journal of American College Health 2015;63(4):268-78. - PubMed
Anzman‐Frasca 2013 {published data only}
    1. Anzman-Frasca S, Liu S, Gates KM, Paul IM, Rovine MJ, Birch LL. Infants' transitions out of a fussing/crying state are modifiable and are related to weight status. Infancy 2013;18(5):662-86. - PMC - PubMed
Ara 2006 {published data only}
    1. Ara I, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Perez-Gomez J, Jimenez-Ramirez J, Serrano-Sanchez JA, Dorado C, et al. Influence of extracurricular sport activities on body composition and physical fitness in boys: a 3-year longitudinal study. International Journal of Obesity 2006;30(7):1062-71. [0307-0565: (Print)] - PubMed
Arbeit 1992 {published data only}
    1. Arbeit ML, Johnson CC, Mott DS, Harsha DW, Nicklas TA, Webber LS, et al. The Heart Smart cardiovascular school health promotion: behavior correlates of risk factor change. Preventive Medicine 1992;21(1):18-32. - PubMed
Ask 2006 {published data only}
    1. Ask AS, Hernes S, Aarek I, Johannessen G, Haugen M. Changes in dietary pattern in 15 year old adolescents following a 4 month dietary intervention with school breakfast--a pilot study. Nutrition Journal 2006;5:33. - PMC - PubMed
Ask 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ask AS, Hernes S, Aarek I, Vik F, Brodahl C, Haugen M. Serving of free school lunch to secondary-school pupils - a pilot study with health implications. Public Health Nutrition 2010;13(2):238-44. - PubMed
Bacardi‐Gascon 2012 {published data only}
    1. Bacardi-Gascon M, Pérez-Morales ME, Jiménez-Cruz A. A six month randomized school intervention and an 18-month follow-up intervention to prevent childhood obesity in Mexican elementary schools. Nutricion Hospitalaria 2012;27(3):755-62. - PubMed
Balas‐Nakash 2010 {published data only}
    1. Balas-Nakash M, Benitez-Arciniega A, Perichart-Perera O, Valdes-Ramos R, Vadillo-Ortega F. The effect of exercise on cardiovascular risk markers in Mexican school-aged children: comparison between two structured group routines. Salud Publica de Mexico 2010;52(5):398-405. - PubMed
Baranowski 2012 {published data only}
    1. Baranowski T, Abdelsamad D, Baranowski J, O'Connor TM, Thompson D, Barnett A, et al. Impact of an active video game on healthy children's physical activity. Pediatrics 2012;129(3):e636-42. - PMC - PubMed
Beard 2012 {published data only}
    1. Beard J. The effects of traditional and progressive physical education courses on adolescents' body compositions and student satisfaction. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences 2012;73(4-A):173.
Bellows 2013b {published data only}
    1. Bellows LL, Johnson SL, Davies PL, Anderson J, Gavin WJ, Boles RE. The Colorado LEAP study: rationale and design of a study to assess the short term longitudinal effectiveness of a preschool nutrition and physical activity program. BMC Public Health 2013;13:1146. - PMC - PubMed
Bergh 2012a {published data only}
    1. Bergh IH, Van Stralen MM, Grydeland M, Bjelland M, Lien N, Andersen LF, et al. Exploring mediators of accelerometer assessed physical activity in young adolescents in the Health In Adolescents Study - a group randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2012;12:814. - PMC - PubMed
Bergh 2012b {published data only}
    1. Bergh IH, Bjelland M, Grydeland M, Lien N, Andersen LF, Klepp KI, et al. Mid-way and post-intervention effects on potential determinants of physical activity and sedentary behavior, results of the HEIA study - a multi-component school-based randomized trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2012;9:63. - PMC - PubMed
Berry 2007 {published data only}
    1. Berry D, Savoye M, Melkus G, Grey M. An intervention for multiethnic obese parents and overweight children. Applied Nursing Research 2007;20(2):63-71. - PMC - PubMed
Berry 2011 {published data only}
    1. Berry D, Colindres M, Sanchez-Lugo L, Sanchez M, Neal M, Smith-Miller C. Adapting, feasibility testing, and pilot testing a weight management intervention for recently immigrated Spanish-speaking women and their 2- to 4-year-old children. Hispanic Health Care International 2011;9(4):186-93.
Berry 2014 {published data only}
    1. Berry DC, McMurray RG, Skelly AH, Neal M, Hall EG, Aimyong N, et al. The family partners for health study: A cluster randomized controlled trial for child and parent weight management. Nutrition and Diabetes 2014;4:e101. - PMC - PubMed
Bilic‐Kirin 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bilic-Kirin V, Burazin J, Buljan V, Milicic V, Gmajnic R. Influence of health education regarding correct diet on anthropometric indexes in children. Collegium Antropologicum 2013;37(4):1089-94. - PubMed
Birch 2012 {published data only}
    1. Birch LL, Anzman-Frasca S, Paul IM. Starting early: obesity prevention during infancy. Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series 2012;73:81-94. - PubMed
Bjelland 2015 {published data only}
    1. Bjelland M, Hausken SE, Bergh IH, Grydeland M, Klepp K-I, Andersen LF, et al. Changes in adolescents' and parents' intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit and vegetables after 20 months: results from the HEIA study - a comprehensive, multi-component school-based randomized trial. Food and Nutrition Research 2015;59:25932. - PMC - PubMed
Bollela 1999a {published data only}
    1. Bollella MC, Boccia LA, Nicklas TA, Lefkowitz KB, Pittman BP, Zang EA, et al. Assessing dietary intake in preschool children: The Healthy Start Project - New York. Nutrition Research 1999;19(1):37-48.
Bollela 1999b {published data only}
    1. Bollella MC, Spark A, Boccia LA, Nicklas TA, Pittman BP, Williams CL. Nutrient intake of Head Start children: home vs. school. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 1999;18(2):108-14. - PubMed
Borys 2000 {published data only}
    1. Borys J-M, Lafay L. Nutritional education of children to influence the dietary habits of all the family [L'information nutritionelle des enfants pour modifier les habitudes alimentaires de toute la famille]. Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande 2000;120:207-9. - PubMed
Briganti 2014 {published data only}
    1. Briganti S. The Italian E.A.T. Project: effectiveness of a multicomponent school-based health promotion study on measures of fatness and behavior in teenagers. Eating and Weight Disorders 2014;Conference:444-5.
Bruss 2010 {published data only}
    1. Bruss MB, Michael TJ, Morris JR, Applegate B, Dannison L, Quitugua JA, et al. Childhood obesity prevention: an intervention targeting primary caregivers of school children. Obesity 2010;18(1):99-107. - PubMed
Buchan 2010 {published data only}
    1. Buchan DS, Ollis S, Thomas NE, Baker JS. The influence of a high intensity physical activity intervention on a selection of health related outcomes: an ecological approach. BMC Public Health 2010;10:8. - PMC - PubMed
Burguera 2011 {published data only}
    1. Burguera B, Colom A, Pinero E, Yanez A, Caimari M, Tur J, et al. ACTYBOSS: activity, behavioral therapy in young subjects--after-school intervention pilot project on obesity prevention. Obesity Facts 2011;4(5):400-6. - PMC - PubMed
Burke 1998 {published data only}
    1. Burke V, Milligan RA, Thompson C, Taggart AC, Dunbar DL, Spencer MJ, et al. A controlled trial of health promotion programs in 11-year-olds using physical activity "enrichment" for higher risk children. Journal of Pediatrics 1998;132(5):840-8. - PubMed
Buscemi 2015 {published data only}
    1. Buscemi J, Blumstein L, Kong A, Stolley MR, Schiffer L, Odoms-Young A, et al. Retaining traditionally hard to reach participants: lessons learned from three childhood obesity studies. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2015;42:98-104. - PMC - PubMed
Cairella 1998 {published data only}
    1. Cairella G, Romagnoli F, Cantarelli P, Valentini P, Tarsitani G. School oriented intervention on dietary education: results of phase 1. International Journal of Obesity 1998;22:S254 (Abstract).
Cameron 2014 {published data only}
    1. Cameron SL, Gray AR, Taylor RW, Lawrence JA, Galland BC, Hanna MB, et al. Excessive growth from 6 to 24 months of age: results from the prevention of overweight in infancy (POI) randomised controlled trial. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2014;Conference:var.pagings.
Campbell 2014 {published data only}
    1. Campbell F, Conti G, Heckmann JJ, Moon SH, Pinto R, Pungello E, et al. Early childhood investments substantially boost adult health. Science 2014;343(6178):1478-85. - PMC - PubMed
Carrel 2005 {published data only}
    1. Carrel AL, Clark RR, Peterson S, Eickhoff J, Allen DB. School-based fitness changes are lost during the summer vacation. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 2007;161:561-4. - PubMed
    1. Carrel AL, Clark RR, Peterson SE, Nemeth BA, Sullivan J, Allen DB. Improvement of fitness, body composition, and insulin sensitivity in overweight children in a school-based exercise program. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 2005;159:963-8. - PubMed
Casazza 2006 {published data only}
    1. Casazza K, Ciccazzo M. The method of delivery of nutrition and physical activity information may play a role in eliciting behavior changes in adolescents. Eating Behaviours 2007;8:73-82. - PubMed
Centis 2012 {published data only}
    1. Centis E, Marzocchi R, Di Luzio R, Moscatiello S, Salardi S, Villanova N, et al, GC Croce School of Health Promotion. A controlled, class-based multicomponent intervention to promote healthy lifestyle and to reduce the burden of childhood obesity. Pediatric Obesity 2012;7(6):436-45. - PubMed
Chomitz 2003 {published data only}
    1. Chomitz VR, Collins J, Kim J, Kramer E, McGowan R. Promoting healthy weight among elementary school children via a health report card approach. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2003;157(8):765-72. - PubMed
Copeland 2010 {published data only}
    1. Copeland AL. A school-based alcohol, tobacco, and drug prevention program for children: the wise mind study. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2010;34(6):522-32.
Cordova 2012 {published data only}
    1. Cordova A, Gerardo V, Antoni S, Jose R-M. Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in Spanish children aged 11-13 years. Revista Espanola de Cardiologia 2012;65(7):620-6. - PubMed
Cruz 2014 {published data only}
    1. Cruz TH, Davis SM, FitzGerald CA, Canaca GF, Keane PC. Engagement, recruitment, and retention in a trans-community, randomized controlled trial for the prevention of obesity in rural American Indian and Hispanic children. Journal of Primary Prevention 2014;35(3):135-49. - PMC - PubMed
Cullen 1996 {published data only}
    1. Cullen KJ, Cullen AM. Long-term follow-up of the Busselton six-year controlled trial of prevention of children's behaviour disorders. Journal of Pediatrics 1996;129(1):136-9. - PubMed
D'Agostino 1999 {published data only}
    1. D'Agostino CD, D'Andrea T, Talbot -Nix S, Williams CL. Increasing nutrition knowledge in preschool children: the Healthy Start Project, Year 1. Journal of Health Education 1999;30(4):217-21.
Daley 2006 {published data only}
    1. Daley AJ, Copeland RJ, Wright NP, Roalfe A, Wales JK. Exercise therapy as a treatment for psychopathologic conditions in obese and morbidly obese adolescents: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2006;118(5):2126-34. - PubMed
Daniels 2014 {published data only}
    1. Daniels LA, Mallan KM, Battistutta, Nicholson JM, Meedeniya JE, Bayer JK, et al. Child eating behavior outcomes of an early feeding intervention to reduce risk indicators for child obesity: the NOURISH RCT. Obesity 2014;22(5):E104-11. - PubMed
Danielzik 2005 {published data only}
    1. Danielzik S, Pust S, Landsberg B, Müller MJ. First lessons from the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS). International Journal of Obesity 2005;29(S2):S78-83. - PubMed
da Silva 2013 {published data only}
    1. da Silva LS, Fisberg M, Souza Pires MM, Nassar SM, Sottovia CB. The effectiveness of a physical activity and nutrition education program in the prevention of overweight in schoolchildren in Criciuma, Brazil. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2013;67(11):1200-4. - PubMed
Davis 2011 {published data only}
    1. Davis JN, Ventura EE, Cook LT, Gyllenhammer LE, Gatto NM, Davis JN. LA Sprouts: a gardening, nutrition, and cooking intervention for Latino youth improves diet and reduces obesity. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2011;111(8):1224-30. - PubMed
DeBar 2011 {published data only}
    1. DeBar LL. Student public commitment in a school-based diabetes prevention project: impact on physical health and health behavior. BMC Public Health 2011;11:711. - PMC - PubMed
De Bock 2010 {published data only}
    1. De Bock F, Fischer JE, Hoffmann K, Renz-Polster H. A participatory parent-focused intervention promoting physical activity in preschools: design of a cluster-randomized trial. [Erratum appears in BMC Public Health. 2012;12:355]. BMC Public Health 2010;10:49. - PMC - PubMed
Della 2013 {published data only}
    1. Della Santa AP. Study of the effectiveness of an educational model to prevent and control childhood obesity. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2013;Conference:var.pagings.
De Ruyter 2013 {published data only}
    1. De Ruyter JC, Katan MB, Kuijper LD, Liem DG, Olthof MR. The effect of sugar-free versus sugar-sweetened beverages on satiety, liking and wanting: an 18 month randomized double-blind trial in children. PLoS ONE 2013;8(10):e78039. - PMC - PubMed
de Silva‐Sanigorski 2010a {published data only}
    1. Silva-Sanigorski AM, Bell AC, Kremer P, Nichols M, Crellin M, Smith M, et al. Reducing obesity in early childhood: results from Romp & Chomp, an Australian community-wide intervention program. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2010;91(4):831-40. - PubMed
de Silva‐Sanigorski 2010b {published data only}
    1. Silva-Sanigorski AM, Bolton K, Haby M, Kremer P, Gibbs L, Waters E, et al. Scaling up community-based obesity prevention in Australia: background and evaluation design of the Health Promoting Communities: Being Active Eating Well initiative. BMC Public Health 2010;10:65. - PMC - PubMed
de Silva‐Sanigorski 2010c {published data only}
    1. Silva-Sanigorski A, Prosser L, Carpenter L, Honisett S, Gibbs L, Moodie M, et al. Evaluation of the childhood obesity prevention program Kids--'Go for your life'. BMC Public Health 2010;10:288. - PMC - PubMed
de Silva‐Sanigorski 2012 {published data only}
    1. Silva-Sanigorski AM, Bell AC, Kremer P, Park J, Demajo L, Smith M, et al. Process and impact evaluation of the Romp & Chomp obesity prevention intervention in early childhood settings: lessons learned from implementation in preschools and long day care settings. Childhood Obesity 2012;8(3):205-15. - PubMed
Dixon 2000 {published data only}
    1. Dixon LB, Tershakovec AM, McKenzie J, Shannon B. Diet quality of young children who received nutrition education promoting lower dietary fat. Public Health Nutrition 2000;3(4):411-6. - PubMed
Donnelly 1996 {published data only}
    1. Donnelly JE, Jacobsen DJ, Whatley JE, Hill JO, Swift LL, Cherrington A, et al. Nutrition and physical activity program to attenuate obesity and promote physical and metabolic fitness in elementary school children. Obesity Research 1996;4(3):229-43. - PubMed
Donnelly 2011 {published data only}
    1. Donnelly JE. Classroom-based physical activity, cognition, and academic achievement. Preventive medicine 2011;52(Suppl):S36-42. - PubMed
Donnelly 2013 {published data only}
    1. Donnelly JE, Greene JL, Gibson CA, Sullivan DK, Hansen DM, Hillman CH, et al. Physical activity and academic achievement across the curriculum (A + PAAC): rationale and design of a 3-year, cluster-randomized trial. BMC Public Health 2013;13:307. - PMC - PubMed
Dzewaltowski 2010 {published data only}
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Economos 2007 {published data only}
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Economos 2013 {published data only}
    1. Economos CD, Hyatt RR, Must A, Goldberg JP, Kuder J, Naumova EN, et al. Shape Up Somerville two-year results: a community-based environmental change intervention sustains weight reduction in children. Preventive medicine 2013;57(4):322-7. - PubMed
Ehlert 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ehlert JJ. SNAAKS: student nutrition attitudes, action, knowledge, and skills: a nutrition program tailored to the needs of predominantly black and Hispanic college freshmen. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 2010;71(3-B):234.
Elinder 2012 {published data only}
    1. Elinder LS, Heinemans N, Hagberg J, Quetel A-K, Hagstromer M. A participatory and capacity-building approach to healthy eating and physical activity- SCIP-school: a 2-year controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2012;9:145. - PMC - PubMed
Eskicioglu 2014 {published data only}
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Evans 2012 {published data only}
    1. Evans EM, Schmidt MD, Mojtahedi MC, Guest DD, Das BM, Mailey EL. Peer led behavioral intervention and changes in weight status in female college freshman. FASEB journal 2012;26(1 Suppl):257.3.
Fitzgibbon 2013 {published data only}
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Florea 2005 {published data only}
    1. Florea IM. The Goodbodies Program: physical activity and motor skill performance influences on fitness, and body composition in overweight children. University of South Carolina 2005;AAT 3181946:by Florea, Ioana Madalina,.
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Fotu 2011 {published data only}
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Francis 2010 {published data only}
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Frenn 2013 {published data only}
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Gabriele 2010 {published data only}
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Gao 2013 {published data only}
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Gately 2005 {published data only}
    1. Gately PJ, Cooke CB, Barth JH, Bewick BM, Radley D, Hill AJ. Children's residential weight-loss programs can work: a prospective cohort study of short-term outcomes for overweight and obese children. Pediatrics 2005;116(1):73-7. [1098-4275: (Electronic)] - PubMed
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    1. Gatti C, Suhas E, Côté S, Anassour Laouan-Sidi E, Dewailly É, Lucas M. Obesity and metabolic parameters in adolescents: a school-based intervention program in French Polynesia. Journal of Adolescent Health 2015;56(2):174-80. - PubMed
Gatto 2015 {published data only}
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Gesell 2012 {published data only}
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Goldfield 2007 {published data only}
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Greening 2011 {published data only}
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Hakanen 2010 {published data only}
    1. Hakanen M, Lagström H, Pahkala K, Sillanmäki L, Saarinen M, Niinikoski H, et al. Dietary and lifestyle counselling reduces the clustering of overweight-related cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. Acta Paediatrica 2010;99(6):888-95. - PubMed
Hardy 2010 {published data only}
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    1. Harrell JS, McMurray RG, Gansky SA, Bangdiwala SI, Bradley CB. A public health vs a risk-based intervention to improve cardiovascular health in elementary school children: the Cardiovascular Health in Children Study. American Journal of Public Health 1999;89(10):1529-35. - PMC - PubMed
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Hatzis 2010 {published data only}
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Hoelscher 2010 {published data only}
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Hoffman 2011 {published data only}
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Hollar 2010 {published data only}
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Hollar 2010b {published data only}
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    1. Hollywood E, Comiskey C, Begley T, Snel A, O'Sullivan K, Quirke M, et al. Measuring and modelling body mass index among a cohort of urban children living with disadvantage. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2013;69(4):851-61. - PubMed
Hopper 1996 {published data only}
    1. Hopper CA, Gruber MB, Munoz KD, MacConnie SE. School-based cardiovascular exercise and nutrition programs with parent participation. Journal of Health Education 1996;27(5):S32-S39.
Horodynski 2004 {published data only}
    1. Horodynski MA, Hoerr S, Coleman G. Nutrition education aimed at toddlers: a pilot program for rural low-income families. Family and Community 2004;27(4):103-13. - PubMed
Howard 1996 {published data only}
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Huang 2012 {published data only}
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Huberty 2011 {published data only}
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Ildiko 2007 {published data only}
    1. Ildikó V, Zsófia M, János M, Andreas P, Dóra NE, András P, et al. Activity-related changes of body fat and motor performance in obese seven-year-old boys. Journal of Physiological Anthropology 2007;26(3):333-7. - PubMed
Jago 2006 {published data only}
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Jensen 2013a {published data only}
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Jiang 2007 {published data only}
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Johnston 2012 {published data only}
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Karanja 2010 {published data only}
    1. Karanja N, Lutz T, Ritenbaugh C, Maupome G, Jones J, Becker T, et al. The TOTS community intervention to prevent overweight in American Indian toddlers beginning at birth: a feasibility and efficacy study. Journal of Community Health 2010;35(6):667-75. - PMC - PubMed
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Kilanowski 2010 {published data only}
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Koblinsky 1992 {published data only}
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Lambourne 2013 {published data only}
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Martinez‐Andrade 2014 {published data only}
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Moodie 2010b {published data only}
    1. Moodie M, Richardson J, Rankin B, Lezzi A, Sinha K. Predicting time trade-off health state valuations of adolescents in four Pacific countries using the Assessment of Quality-of-Life (AQoL-6D) instrument. Value in Health 2010;13(8):1014-27. - PubMed
Moodie 2013 {published data only}
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Morgan 2012 {published data only}
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Mustila 2012a {published data only}
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Mustila 2012b {published data only}
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Niinikoski 1997 {published data only}
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Nogueira 2014 {published data only}
    1. Nogueira RC. An in-school exercise intervention to enhance bone and reduce fat in girls: The CAPO Kids trial. Bone 2014;68:92-9. - PubMed
Obarzanek 1997 {published data only}
    1. Obarzanek E, Hunsberger SA, Van Horn L, Hartmuller VV, Barton BA, Stevens VJ, et al. Safety of a fat-reduced diet: The Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC). Pediatrics 1997;100(1):51-9. - PubMed
Oehrig 2001 {published data only}
    1. Oehrig E, Geiss HC, Haas G-M, Schwandt P. The prevention education program (PEP) Nuremberg: design and baseline data of a family oriented intervention study. International Journal of Obesity 2001;25(Suppl 1):S89-S92. - PubMed
Padilla 2012 {published data only}
    1. Padilla-Raygoza N, Diaz-Guerrero R, Ruiz-Paloalto L. Intervention in lifestyle as management of obesity in school age children in Celaya. Obesity Facts 2012;Conference:var.pagings. - PMC - PubMed
Pettman 2014 {published data only}
    1. Pettman T, Magarey A, Mastersson N, Wilson A, Dollman J. Improving weight status in childhood: results from the Eat Well Be Active community programs. International Journal of Public Health 2014;59(1):43-50. - PubMed
Plachta‐Danielzik 2011 {published data only}
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Pope 2013 {published data only}
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Pratt 2013 {published data only}
    1. Pratt CA, Boyington J, Esposito L, Pemberton VL, Bonds D, Kelley M, et al. Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR): interventions addressing multiple influences in childhood and adolescent obesity. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2013;36(2):406-13. - PMC - PubMed
Prins 2012 {published data only}
    1. Prins RG, Brug J, Van Empelen P, Oenema A. Effectiveness of YouRAction, an intervention to promote adolescent physical activity using personal and environmental feedback: a cluster RCT. PLoS ONE 2012;7(3):e32682. - PMC - PubMed
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Quarles 2011 {published data only}
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Rawlins 2013 {published data only}
    1. Rawlins E, Baker G, Maynard M, Harding S. Perceptions of healthy eating and physical activity in an ethnically diverse sample of young children and their parents: the DEAL prevention of obesity study. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 2013;26(2):132-44. - PMC - PubMed
Reed 2013 {published data only}
    1. Reed JA, Maslow AL, Long S, Hughey M. Examining the impact of 45 minutes of daily physical education on cognitive ability, fitness performance, and body composition of African American youth. Journal of Physical Activity & Health 2013;10(2):185-97. - PubMed
Reinehr 2007 {published data only}
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Resaland 2014 {published data only}
    1. Resaland G. Key results and implications from the Sogndal school intervention study-a prospective controlled intervention study of two-year school-based 60 minutes daily physical activity on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Obesity Facts 2014;Conference:var.pagings.
Resnicow 2005 {published data only}
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Richmond 2013 {published data only}
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Robinson 1999 {published data only}
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Ronsley 2013 {published data only}
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Rush 2014 {published data only}
    1. Rush E, McLennan S, Obolonkin V, Vandal AC, Hamlin M, Simmons D, et al. Project Energize: whole-region primary school nutrition and physical activity programme; evaluation of body size and fitness 5 years after the randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition 2014;111(2):363-71. - PubMed
Rush 2014a {published data only}
    1. Rush E, Obolonkin V, McLennan S, Graham D, Harris J. Lifetime cost effectiveness of a through-school nutrition and physical programme: Project Energize. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2014;8(2):e115-22. - PubMed
Sadowsky 1999 {published data only}
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Sanders 2014 {published data only}
    1. Sanders LM, Perrin EM, Yin HS, Bronaugh A, Rothman RL. "Greenlight study": a controlled trial of low-literacy, early childhood obesity prevention. Pediatrics 2014;133(6):e1724-37. - PMC - PubMed
Schuna 2013 {published data only}
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Sherwood 2013a {published data only}
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Slusser 2013 {published data only}
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Smith 2012 {published data only}
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Spark 1998 {published data only}
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Spencer 2012 {published data only}
    1. Spencer RA. The role of peer mentors in enhancing school-based physical activity: the Heart Healthy Kids (H2K) program phase 2. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 2012;Conference(Suppl 181):var.pagings.
Spieker 2015 {published data only}
    1. Spieker EA, Sbrocco T, Theim KR, Maurer D, Johnson D, Bryant E, et al. Preventing Obesity in the Military Community (POMC): the development of a clinical trials research network. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2015;12(2):1174-95. - PMC - PubMed
Springer 2013 {published data only}
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Stenevi‐Lundgren 2009 {published data only}
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Stephens 1998 {published data only}
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Stewart 1995 {published data only}
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Stice 2015 {published data only}
    1. Stice E, Yokum S, Burger K, Rohde P, Shaw H, Gau JM. A pilot randomized trial of a cognitive reappraisal obesity prevention program. Physiology and Behavior 2015;138:124-32. - PMC - PubMed
Stock 2007 {published data only}
    1. Stock S, Miranda C, Evans S, Plessis S, Ridley J, Yeh S, et al. Healthy Buddies: a novel, peer-led health promotion program for the prevention of obesity and eating disorders in children in elementary school. Pediatrics 2007;120(4):e1059-e1068. - PubMed
Strauss 2011 {published data only}
    1. Strauss A, Herbert B, Mitschek C, Duvinage K, Koletzko B. TigerKids: successful health promotion in preschool settings. Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 2011;54(3):322-9. - PubMed
Swinburn 2011 {published data only}
    1. Swinburn BA, Millar L, Utter J, Kremer P, Moodie M, Mavoa H, et al. The Pacific Obesity Prevention in Communities project: project overview and methods. Obesity Reviews 2011;12 Suppl 2:3-11. - PubMed
Talvia 2004 {published data only}
    1. Talvia S, Lagstrom H, Rasanen M, Salminen M, Rasanen L, Salo P, et al. A randomized intervention since infancy to reduce intake of saturated fat. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2004;158(1):41. - PubMed
Tamir 1990 {published data only}
    1. Tamir D, Feurstein A, Brunner S, Halfon S, Reshef A, Palti H. Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in childhood: changes in serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, and body mass index after 2 years of intervention in Jerusalem schoolchildren age 7-9 years. Preventive Medicine 1990;19:22-30. - PubMed
Tarro 2014a {published data only}
    1. Tarro L, Llaurado E, Albaladejo R, Morina D, Arija V, Sola R, et al. A primary-school-based study to reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity--the EdAl (Educacio en Alimentacio) study: a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014;15:58. - PMC - PubMed
Tarro 2014b {published data only}
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Taveras 2011 {published data only}
    1. Taveras EM, Blackburn K, Gillman MW, Haines J, McDonald J, Price S, et al. First steps for mommy and me: a pilot intervention to improve nutrition and physical activity behaviors of postpartum mothers and their infants. Maternal and Child Health Journal 2011;15(8):1217-27. - PMC - PubMed
Taylor 2005 {published data only}
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Telford 2013a {published data only}
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Tershakovec 1998 {published data only}
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Toftager 2014 {published data only}
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Van Ryzin 2013 {published data only}
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Wang 2011 {published data only}
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Zhou 2014 {published data only}
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References to studies awaiting assessment

Adamo 2013 {published data only}
    1. Adamo KB, Grattan K, Harvey A, Naylor PJ, Temple V, Wilson S, et al. Does a physical activity daycare intervention impact body composition and gross motor skills? A pilot randomized control trial. Canadian Journal of Diabetes 2013;37:S262-3.
Adamo 2014 {published data only}
    1. Adamo KB, Barrowman N, Naylor PJ, Yaya S, Harvey A, Grattan KP, et al. Activity Begins in Childhood (ABC) - inspiring healthy active behaviour in preschoolers: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014;15:305. - PMC - PubMed
Adamo 2017 {published data only}
    1. Adamo KB, Wasenius NS, Grattan KP, Harvey AL, Naylor PJ, Barrowman NJ, et al. Effects of a preschool intervention on physical activity and body composition. Journal of Pediatrics 2017;188:42-49.e2. - PubMed
Allender 2016 {published data only}
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Alvarez‐Bueno 2017 {published data only}
    1. Alvarez-Bueno C, Cavero-Redondo I, Garrido-Miguel M, Notario-Pacheco B, Martinez-Andres M, Sanchez-Lopez M. Effectiveness of the MOVI-KIDS physical activity intervention improving children's academic achievement. Obesity Facts 2017;10:232.
Anderson 2014 {published data only}
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Anderson 2016 {published data only}
    1. Anderson EL, Howe LD, Kipping RR, Campbell R, Jago R, Noble SM, et al. Long-term effects of the Active for Life Year 5 (AFLY5) school-based cluster-randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2016;6(11):e010957. - PMC - PubMed
Andrade 2016 {published data only}
    1. Andrade S, Lachat C, Cardon G, Ochoa-Aviles A, Verstraeten R, Van Camp J, et al. Two years of school-based intervention program could improve the physical fitness among Ecuadorian adolescents at health risk: subgroups analysis from a cluster-randomized trial. BMC Pediatrics 2016;16:51. - PMC - PubMed
Annesi 2017 {published data only}
    1. Annesi JJ, Walsh SM, Greenwood BL, Mareno N, Unruh-Rewkowski JL. Effects of the Youth Fit 4 Life physical activity/nutrition protocol on body mass index, fitness and targeted social cognitive theory variables in 9- to 12-year-olds during after-school care. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 2017;53(4):365-73. - PubMed
Arlinghaus 2017 {published data only}
    1. Arlinghaus KR, Moreno JP, Reesor L, Hernandez DC, Johnston CA. Companeros: high school students mentor middle school students to address obesity among Hispanic adolescents. Preventing Chronic Disease 2017;14:E92. - PMC - PubMed
Armstrong 2015 {published data only}
    1. Armstrong B, Lim CS, Janicke DM. Park density impacts weight change in a behavioral intervention for overweight rural youth. Behavioral Medicine 2015;41(3):123-30. - PMC - PubMed
Atkinson 2015 {published data only}
    1. Atkinson MJ, Wade TD. Mindfulness-based prevention for eating disorders: a school-based cluster randomized controlled study. International Journal of Eating Disorders 2015;48(7):1024-37. - PubMed
Bacopoulou 2015 {published data only}
    1. Bacopoulou F, Efthymiou V, Papaefthymiou M, Landis G, Palaiologos G, Kaklea M, et al. Metabolic syndrome in Greek adolescents and the effect of 6-month educational/behavioural school interventions. Hormone Research in Paediatrics 2015;84:424.
Barbosa 2015 {published data only}
    1. Barbosa Filho VC, Lopes Ada S, Lima AB, Souza EA, Gubert Fdo A, Silva KS, et al, Fortaleca sua Saude" Working Group. Rationale and methods of a cluster-randomized controlled trial to promote active and healthy lifestyles among Brazilian students: the "Fortaleca sua Saude" program. BMC Public Health 2015;15:1212. - PMC - PubMed
Barbosa 2017 {published data only}
    1. Barbosa Filho VC, da Silva KS, Mota J Vieira NF, Gubert FD, Lopes AD. "For whom was it effective?" Moderators of the effect of a school-based intervention on potential physical activity determinants among Brazilian students. Preventive Medicine 2017;97:80-5. - PubMed
Barnes 2015 {published data only}
    1. Barnes AT, Plotnikoff RC, Collins CE, Morgan PJ. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the MADE4Life Program: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Physical Activity & Health 2015;12(10):1378-93. - PubMed
Beck 2017 {published data only}
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Beets 2014 {published data only}
    1. Beets MW, Glenn Weaver R, Turner-McGrievy G, Huberty J, Ward DS, Freedman DA, et al. Making healthy eating and physical activity policy practice: the design and overview of a group randomized controlled trial in afterschool programs. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2014;38(2):291-303. - PMC - PubMed
Belanger 2016 {published data only}
    1. Belanger M, Humbert L, Vatanparast H, Ward S, Muhajarine N, Chow AF, Eet al. A multilevel intervention to increase physical activity and improve healthy eating and physical literacy among young children (ages 3-5) attending early childcare centres: the Healthy Start-Depart Sante cluster randomised controlled trial study protocol. BMC Public Health 2016;16:313. - PMC - PubMed
Benden 2014 {published data only}
    1. Benden ME, Zhao H, Jeffrey CE, Wendel ML, Blake JJ. The evaluation of the impact of a stand-biased desk on energy expenditure and physical activity for elementary school students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2014;11(9):9361-75. - PMC - PubMed
Bergh 2014 {published data only}
    1. Bergh IH, Van Stralen MM, Bjelland M, Grydeland M, Lien N, Klepp KI, et al. Post-intervention effects on screen behaviours and mediating effect of parental regulation: the HEalth In Adolescents study--a multi-component school-based randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2014;14:200. - PMC - PubMed
Bips {published data only}
    1. Leibniz-Institut Prävention und Epidemiologie BIPS. Evaluation of the health effects of „JolinchenKids – Fit and healthy in daycare”, a program for health promotion targeting 3-6 year-old children, at 68 daycare facilities in Germany. http://www.drks.de/DRKS00011065.
Birnbaum 2017 {published data only}
    1. Birnbaum J, Geyer C, Kirchberg F, Manios Y, Koletzko B, ToyBox-study Group. Effects of a kindergarten-based, family-involved intervention on motor performance ability in 3- to 6-year-old children: the ToyBox-study. Journal of Sports Sciences 2017;35(4):377-84. - PubMed
Bogart 2016 {published data only}
    1. Bogart LM, Elliott MN, Cowgill BO, Klein DJ, Hawes-Dawson J, Uyeda K, et al. Two-year BMI outcomes from a school-based intervention for nutrition and exercise: a randomized trial. Pediatrics 2016;137(5):e20152493. - PMC - PubMed
Bonuck 2016 {published data only}
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Braun 2016 {published data only}
    1. Braun M Cook C Mukherjea R Liska D A. A randomized, controlled, parallel study to assess the effects of soy protein on body composition and general health parameters in healthy children. In: FASEB Journal. Conference: Experimental Biology. 2016.
Brophy‐Herb 2017 {published data only}
    1. Brophy-Herb H E Horodynski M Contreras D Kerver J Kaciroti N Stein M Lee H J Motz B Hebert S Prine E Gardiner C Van Egeren L A Lumeng J C. Effectiveness of differing levels of support for family meals on obesity prevention among head start preschoolers: the simply dinner study. BMC Public Health 2017;17(1):184. - PMC - PubMed
Bryant 2017 {published data only}
    1. Bryant M Burton W Cundill B Farrin A J Nixon J Stevens J Roberts K Foy R Rutter H Hartley S Tubeuf S Collinson M Brown J. Effectiveness of an implementation optimisation intervention aimed at increasing parent engagement in HENRY, a childhood obesity prevention programme - the Optimising Family Engagement in HENRY (OFTEN) trial: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials [Electronic Resource] 2017;18(1):40. - PMC - PubMed
Buhler 2015 {published data only}
    1. Buhler A. [Recruitment of Families at Risk for Obesity: The Kindergarten Experience]. Gesundheitswesen 2015;77(Suppl 1):S25-6. - PubMed
Burgermaster 2017 {published data only}
    1. Burgermaster Marissa Koroly Jenna Contento Isobel Koch Pamela Gray Heewon L. A Mixed-Methods Comparison of Classroom Context During Food, Health & Choices, a Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention. Journal of School Health 2017;87(11):811-22. - PMC - PubMed
Burke 2017 {published data only}
    1. Burke N L Shomaker L B Brady S Reynolds J C Young J F Wilfley D E Sbrocco T Stephens M Olsen C H Yanovski J A Tanofsky-Kraff M. Impact of age and race on outcomes of a program to prevent excess weight gain and disordered eating in adolescent girls. Nutrients 2017;9(9):947. - PMC - PubMed
Buscemi 2014 {published data only}
    1. Buscemi J Odoms-Young A Stolley M L Blumstein L Schiffer L Berbaum M L McCaffrey J Montoya A M Braunschweig C Fitzgibbon M L. Adaptation and dissemination of an evidence-based obesity prevention intervention: design of a comparative effectiveness trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2014;38(2):355-60. - PMC - PubMed
Bustos 2016 {published data only}
    1. Bustos N Olivares S Leyton B Cano M Albala C. Impact of a school-based intervention on nutritional education and physical activity in primary public schools in Chile (KIND) programme study protocol: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2016;16(1):1217. - PMC - PubMed
Byrd‐Bredbenner 2015 {published data only}
    1. Byrd-Bredbenner Carol Worobey J Martin-Biggers J Hongu N Hernandez G. HomeStyles: Shaping Home Environments and Lifestyle Practices to Prevent Childhood Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior 2015;47(4):S99.
Byrd‐Bredbenner 2017 {published data only}
    1. Byrd-Bredbenner C Martin-Biggers J Koenings M Quick V Hongu N Worobey J. HomeStyles, A Web-Based Childhood Obesity Prevention Program for Families With Preschool Children: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Research Protocols 2017;6(4):e73. - PMC - PubMed
Byrd‐Bredbenner 2017a {published data only}
    1. Byrd-Bredbenner C Quick V Martin-Biggers J. Homestyles: A randomized controlled trial. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2017;71(Supplement 2):1235.
Byrd‐Bredbenner 2018 {published data only}
    1. Byrd-Bredbenner C Martin-Biggers J Povis G A Worobey J Hongu N Quick V. Promoting healthy home environments and lifestyles in families with preschool children: HomeStyles, a randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2018;64:139-51. - PubMed
Byrne 2016 {published data only}
    1. Byrne R Magarey A Daniels L. Maternal perception of weight status in first-born Australian toddlers aged 12-16 months - the NOURISH and SAIDI cohorts. Child: Care, Health & Development 2016;42(3):375-81. - PubMed
Caballero 1998 {published data only}
    1. Caballero B Davis S Davis C E Ethelbah B Evans M Lohman T Stephenson L Story M White J. Pathways: A school-based program for the primary prevention of obesity in American Indian children. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 1998;9(9):535-43. - PMC - PubMed
Camacho‐Cardenosa 2016 {published data only}
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Campbell 2016 {published data only}
    1. Campbell K J Hesketh K D McNaughton S A Ball K McCallum Z Lynch J Crawford D A. The extended Infant Feeding, Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT Extend) Program: a cluster-randomized controlled trial of an early intervention to prevent childhood obesity. BMC Public Health 2016;16:166. - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Cao Z Wang S Zheng W Guo J Qu S. Evaluation on the effectiveness of intervention comprehensive program on child obesity, using Generalized Estimating Equation. [Chinese]. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 2014;35(7):773-8. - PubMed
Carlin 2015 {published data only}
    1. Carlin A Murphy M H Gallagher A M. The WISH study: The effect of peer-led Walking in ScHools on school-time physical activity. In: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. Conference: Irish Section Meeting Nutrition at Key Life Stages: New Findings, New Approaches. Ireland.. Vol. 74. 2015.
Carraway 2015 {published data only}
    1. Carraway Marissa Errickson. Project mentor+: Mentor-led exercise with cognitive-behavioral therapy to improve perceived competence, reduce social anxiety, and increase physical activity in overweight adolescents. Greenville: East Carolina University, 2015.
Cavero‐Redondo 2017 {published data only}
    1. Cavero-Redondo I Alvarez-Bueno C Garrido-Miguel M Martinez-Vizcaino V Diez-Fernandez A Fernandez-Infante A. Physical activity intervention program (movi-kids study) on preventing obesity in preschoolers. Obesity Facts 2017;10:246.
Cecchetto 2017 {published data only}
    1. Cecchetto F H Pena D B Pellanda L C. Playful Interventions Increase Knowledge about Healthy Habits and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children: The CARDIOKIDS Randomized Study. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 2017;109(3):199-206. - PMC - PubMed
Chamberland 2017 {published data only}
    1. Chamberland K Sanchez M Panahi S Provencher V Gagnon J Drapeau V. The impact of an innovative web-based school nutrition intervention to increase fruits and vegetables and milk and alternatives in adolescents: a clustered randomized trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity 2017;14(1):140. - PMC - PubMed
Chen 2015 {published data only}
    1. Chen Y Ma L Ma Y Wang H Luo J Zhang X Luo C Wang H Zhao H Pan D Zhu Y Cai L Zou Z Yang W Ma J Jing J. A national school-based health lifestyles interventions among Chinese children and adolescents against obesity: rationale, design and methodology of a randomized controlled trial in China. BMC Public Health 2015;15:210. - PMC - PubMed
Chen 2017 {published data only}
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Cloutier 2015 {published data only}
    1. Cloutier M M Wiley J Wang Z Grant A Gorin A A. The Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Program (ECHO): an ecologically-based intervention delivered by home visitors for newborns and their mothers. BMC Public Health 2015;15:584. - PMC - PubMed
Cocca 2016 {published data only}
    1. Cocca A Lomas R Enriquez M Cocca M Ceballos O. Effects of a school-based intervention program on metabolic syndrome parameters in school-aged youth. Obesity Reviews 2016;17:131-2.
Costa 2017 {published data only}
    1. Costa C S Campagnolo P D Lumey L H Vitolo M R. Effect of maternal dietary counselling during the 1st year of life on glucose profile and insulin resistance at the age of 8 years: a randomised field trial. British Journal of Nutrition 2017;117(1):134-41. - PubMed
Creanor 2016 {published data only}
    1. Creanor S Lloyd J Hillsdon M Dean S Green C Taylor R S Ryan E Wyatt K He L P Trial Management Group. Detailed statistical analysis plan for a cluster randomised controlled trial of the Healthy Lifestyles Programme (HeLP), a novel school-based intervention to prevent obesity in school children. Trials [Electronic Resource] 2016;17(1):599. - PMC - PubMed
Cunningham‐Sabo 2016 {published data only}
    1. Cunningham-Sabo L Lohse B Smith S Browning R Strutz E Nigg C Balgopal M Kelly K Ruder E. Fuel for Fun: a cluster-randomized controlled study of cooking skills, eating behaviors, and physical activity of 4th graders and their families. BMC Public Health 2016;16:444. - PMC - PubMed
Daniels 2014a {published data only}
    1. Daniels Lynne Allison Mallan Kimberley Margaret Battistutta Diana Nicholson Jan Maree Meedeniya Josephine Emma Bayer Jordana Kim Magarey Anthea. Child eating behavior outcomes of an early feeding intervention to reduce risk indicators for child obesity: The NORISH RCT. Obesity 2014;22(5):E104-11. - PubMed
Daniels 2015 {published data only}
    1. Daniels L A Mallan K M Nicholson J M Thorpe K Nambiar S Mauch C E Magarey A. An Early Feeding Practices Intervention for Obesity Prevention. Pediatrics 2015;136(1):e40-9. - PubMed
Daniels 2015a {published data only}
    1. Daniels L Heath A L Williams S M Cameron S L Fleming E A Taylor B J Wheeler B J Gibson R S Taylor R W. Baby-Led Introduction to SolidS (BLISS) study: a randomised controlled trial of a baby-led approach to complementary feeding. BMC Pediatrics 2015;15:179. - PMC - PubMed
Davis 2016 {published data only}
    1. Davis A M Stough C O Black W R Dean K Sampilo M Simpson S Landrum Y. Outcomes of a weight management program conjointly addressing parent and child health. Children's Health Care 2016;45(2):227-40. - PMC - PubMed
Davis 2016a {published data only}
    1. Davis S M Myers O B Cruz T H Morshed A B Canaca G F Keane P C O'Donald E R. CHILE: Outcomes of a group randomized controlled trial of an intervention to prevent obesity in preschool Hispanic and American Indian children. Preventive Medicine 2016;89:162-8. - PMC - PubMed
de Greeff 2016 {published data only}
    1. Greeff J W Hartman E Mullender-Wijnsma M J Bosker R J Doolaard S Visscher C. Effect of Physically Active Academic Lessons on Body Mass Index and Physical Fitness in Primary School Children. Journal of School Health 2016;86(5):346-52. - PubMed
Delisle 2015 {published data only}
    1. Delisle C Sandin S Forsum E Henriksson H Trolle-Lagerros Y Larsson C Maddison R Ortega F B Ruiz J R Silfvernagel K Timpka T Lof M. A web- and mobile phone-based intervention to prevent obesity in 4-year-olds (MINISTOP): a population-based randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2015;15:95. - PMC - PubMed
de Moraes 2017 {published data only}
    1. Moraes M M Mediano M F F de Souza R A G Moura A S da Veiga G V Sichieri R. Discouraging soft drink consumption reduces blood glucose and cholesterol of Brazilian elementary students: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine 2017;100:223-8. - PubMed
de Villiers 2016 {published data only}
    1. Villiers A Steyn N P Draper C E Hill J Gwebushe N Lambert E V Lombard C. Primary School Children's Nutrition Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and Behavior, after a Three-Year Healthy Lifestyle Intervention (HealthKick). Ethnicity & Disease 2016;26(2):171-80. - PMC - PubMed
Dordevic 2015 {published data only}
    1. Dordevic A L Bonham M P Ware R S Brennan L Truby H. Study protocol: evaluation of 'JenMe', a commercially-delivered weight management program for adolescents: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2015;15:563. - PMC - PubMed
Doring 2016 {published data only}
    1. Doring N Ghaderi A Bohman B Heitmann B Larsson C Berglind D Hansson L Sundblom E Magnusson M Blennow M Tynelius P Forsberg L Rasmussen F. Primary prevention of childhood obesity within child health services: The PRIMROSE cluster-RCT. Obesity Facts 2016;9:35.
Doring 2016a {published data only}
    1. Doring N Ghaderi A Bohman B Heitmann B L Larsson C Berglind D Hansson L Sundblom E Magnusson M Blennow M Tynelius P Forsberg L Rasmussen F. Motivational Interviewing to Prevent Childhood Obesity: A Cluster RCT. Pediatrics 2016;137(5):e20153104. - PubMed
Drummy 2016 {published data only}
    1. Drummy C Murtagh E M McKee D P Breslin G Davison G W Murphy M H. The effect of a classroom activity break on physical activity levels and adiposity in primary school children. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 2016. - PubMed
Dundee Family Health Study {published data only}
    1. ISRCTN13385965 Trial registration number. Dundee Family Health Study. WHO ISRCTN ISRCTN13385965 2017.
Dunker 2017 {unpublished data only}
    1. Dunker K L L Claudino A M. Preventing weight-related problems among adolescent girls: A cluster randomized trial comparing the Brazilian 'New Moves' program versus observation. Obesity Research and Clinical Practice. (In Press) 2017. - PubMed
Dunton 2015 {published data only}
    1. Dunton G Ebin V J Efrat M W Efrat R Lane C J Plunkett S. The Use of Refundable Tax Credits to Increase Low-Income Children's After-School Physical Activity Level. Journal of Physical Activity & Health 2015;12(6):840-53. - PMC - PubMed
Eat Healthy for Families {published data only}
    1. NCT03394326 Trial registration number. Eat Healthy for Families. https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT03394326 2017.
Edwardson 2015 {published data only}
    1. Edwardson C L Harrington D M Yates T Bodicoat D H Khunti K Gorely T Sherar L B Edwards R T Wright C Harrington K Davies M J. A cluster randomised controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of the 'Girls Active' intervention: a study protocol. BMC Public Health 2015;15:526. - PMC - PubMed
Effectiveness of the run‐a‐mile intervention {published data only}
    1. School of Public Health Birmingham University. Effectiveness of the run-a-mile intervention. WHO ISRCTN http://isrctn.com/ISRCTN12698269 2016:ISRCTN12698269.
Eldridge 2016 {published data only}
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Eline 2016 {published data only}
    1. Eline V L'Hoir M Van Grieken A Hein R Magda B B. Effectiveness of a primary prevention program of overweight in 0-3 year old children, the BBOFT+ study; a cluster randomized trial. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 2016;62:725.
Eneli 2015 {published data only}
    1. Eneli I U Tylka T L Hummel J Watowicz R P Perez S A Kaciroti N Lumeng J C. Rationale and design of the Feeding Dynamic Intervention (FDI) study for self-regulation of energy intake in preschoolers. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2015;41:325-34. - PMC - PubMed
Eno 2017 {published data only}
    1. Eno Persson J Bohman B Tynelius P Rasmussen F Ghaderi A. Prevention of Childhood Obesity in Child Health Services: Follow-Up of the PRIMROSE Trial. Childhood Obesity 2017;12:12. - PubMed
Esquivel 2015 {published data only}
    1. Esquivel M Li F Novotny R. Wellness policy and the head start environment: the moderating role of head start teachers in the children's healthy living program in Hawai'i. In: FASEB journal. Vol. 29. 2015.
Evans 2016 {published data only}
    1. Evans A Ranjit N Hoelscher D Jovanovic C Lopez M McIntosh A Ory M Whittlesey L McKyer L Kirk A Smith C Walton C Heredia N I Warren J. Impact of school-based vegetable garden and physical activity coordinated health interventions on weight status and weight-related behaviors of ethnically diverse, low-income students: Study design and baseline data of the Texas, Grow! Eat! Go! (TGEG) cluster-randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2016;16:973. - PMC - PubMed
Families Preventing Diabetes Together {published data only}
    1. NCT02721602 Trial registration number. Families Preventing Diabetes Together. https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02721602 2016:NCT02721602.
Fangupo 2015 {published data only}
    1. Fangupo Louise J Heath Anne-Louise M Williams Sheila M Somerville Megan R Lawrence Julie A Gray Andrew R Taylor Barry J Mills Virginia C Watson Emily O Galland Barbara C Sayers Rachel M Hanna Maha B Taylor Rachael W. Impact of an early-life intervention on the nutrition behaviors of 2-y-old children: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2015;102(3):704-12. - PubMed
Farmer 2017 {published data only}
    1. Farmer V L Williams S M Mann J I Schofield G McPhee J C Taylor R W. The effect of increasing risk and challenge in the school playground on physical activity and weight in children: a cluster randomised controlled trial (PLAY). International Journal of Obesity 2017;41(5):793-800. - PubMed
Folkvord 2016 {published data only}
    1. Folkvord F Anschutz D J Buijzen M. The association between BMI development among young children and (un)healthy food choices in response to food advertisements: a longitudinal study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity 2016;13:16. - PMC - PubMed
Friedrich 2015 {published data only}
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Fulkerson 2014 {published data only}
    1. Fulkerson J A Neumark-Sztainer D Story M Gurvich O Kubik M Y Garwick A Dudovitz B. The Healthy Home Offerings via the Mealtime Environment (HOME) Plus study: design and methods. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2014;38(1):59-68. - PMC - PubMed
Fulkerson 2015 {published data only}
    1. Fulkerson J A Friend S Flattum C Horning M Draxten M Neumark-Sztainer D Gurvich O Story M Garwick A Kubik M Y. Promoting healthful family meals to prevent obesity: HOME Plus, a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity 2015;12:154. - PMC - PubMed
Fulkerson 2017 {published data only}
    1. Fulkerson J A Friend S Horning M Flattum C Draxten M Neumark-Sztainer D Gurvich O Garwick A Story M Kubik M Y. Family Home Food Environment and Nutrition-Related Parent and Child Personal and Behavioral Outcomes of the Healthy Home Offerings via the Mealtime Environment (HOME) Plus Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition & Dietetics 2017;01:01. - PMC - PubMed
Galland 2016 {published data only}
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Gallotta 2015 {published data only}
    1. Gallotta M C Emerenziani G P Iazzoni S Meucci M Baldari C Guidetti L. Impacts of coordinative training on normal weight and overweight/obese children's attentional performance. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2015;9:577. - PMC - PubMed
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Gholami 2015 {published data only}
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Goldfield 2016 {published data only}
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Gorin 2014 {published data only}
    1. Gorin A A Wiley J Ohannessian C M Hernandez D Grant A Cloutier M M. Steps to Growing Up Healthy: a pediatric primary care based obesity prevention program for young children. BMC Public Health 2014;14:72. - PMC - PubMed
Gortmaker 1999b {published data only}
    1. Gortmaker SL, Cheung LW, Peterson KE, Chomitz G, Cradle JH, Dart H, et al. Impact of a school-based interdisciplinary intervention on diet and physical activity among urban primary school children. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 1999;153:975-83. - PubMed
Greve 2015 {published data only}
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Grillich 2016 {published data only}
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Gruber 2015 {published data only}
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Grydeland 2013 {published data only}
    1. Grydeland M, Bergh IH, Bjelland M, Lien N, Andersen LF, Ommundsen Y, et al. Intervention effects on physical activity: the HEIA study - a cluster randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2013;10:17. - PMC - PubMed
Gunawardena 2016 {published data only}
    1. Gunawardena N Kurotani K Indrawansa S Nonaka D Mizoue T Samarasinghe D. School-based intervention to enable school children to act as change agents on weight, physical activity and diet of their mothers: a cluster randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity 2016;13:45. - PMC - PubMed
Ha 2014 {published data only}
    1. Ha A S Lonsdale C Ng J Y Lubans D R. A school-based rope skipping intervention for adolescents in Hong Kong: protocol of a matched-pair cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2014;14:535. - PMC - PubMed
Habib‐Mourad 2014a {published data only}
    1. Habib-Mourad C Ghandour L A Moore H J Nabhani-Zeidan M Adetayo K Hwalla N Summerbell C. Promoting healthy eating and physical activity among school children: findings from Health-E-PALS, the first pilot intervention from Lebanon. BMC Public Health 2014;14:940. - PMC - PubMed
Haines 2016 {published data only}
    1. Haines J Rifas-Shiman S L Gross D McDonald J Kleinman K Gillman M W. Randomized trial of a prevention intervention that embeds weight-related messages within a general parenting program. Obesity 2016;24(1):191-9. - PMC - PubMed
Haire‐Joshu 2015 {published data only}
    1. Haire-Joshu D L Schwarz C D Peskoe S B Budd E L Brownson R C Joshu C E. A group randomized controlled trial integrating obesity prevention and control for postpartum adolescents in a home visiting program. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity 2015;12(1):88. - PMC - PubMed
Hammersley 2017 {published data only}
    1. Hammersley M L Jones R A Okely A D. Time2bHealthy - An online childhood obesity prevention program for preschool-aged children: A randomised controlled trial protocol. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2017;61:73-80. - PubMed
Handel 2017 {published data only}
    1. Handel M N Larsen S C Rohde J F Stougaard M Olsen N J Heitmann B L. Effects of the Healthy Start randomized intervention trial on physical activity among normal weight preschool children predisposed to overweight and obesity. PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource] 2017;12(10):e0185266. - PMC - PubMed
Hankonen 2016 {published data only}
    1. Hankonen N Heino M T Araujo-Soares V Sniehotta F F Sund R Vasankari T Absetz P Borodulin K Uutela A Lintunen T Haukkala A. 'Let's Move It' - a school-based multilevel intervention to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour among older adolescents in vocational secondary schools: a study protocol for a cluster-randomised trial. BMC Public Health 2016;16:451. - PMC - PubMed
Hannon 2015 {published data only}
    1. Hannon T S Carroll A E Palmer K N Saha C Childers W K Marrero D G. Rationale and design of a comparative effectiveness trial to prevent type 2 diabetes in mothers and children: the ENCOURAGE healthy families study. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2015;40:105-11. - PubMed
Harder‐Lauridsen 2014 {published data only}
    1. Harder-Lauridsen N M Birk N M Ried-Larsen M Juul A Andersen L B Pedersen B K Krogh-Madsen R. A randomized controlled trial on a multicomponent intervention for overweight school-aged children - Copenhagen, Denmark. BMC Pediatrics 2014;14:273. - PMC - PubMed
Healthy Caregivers‐Healthy Children (HC2) Phase II {published data only}
    1. NCT00119132 Trial registration number. Healthy Caregivers-Healthy Children (HC2) Phase II. https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02697565 2015.
Hejazi 2017 {published data only}
    1. Hejazi S Peyman N Esmaily H. Effect of educational intervention based on Self-Efficacy on preventive behaviors of overweight and obesity among secondary-school female students in Mashhad. [Persian]. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2017;19(4):261-9.
Helle 2017 {published data only}
    1. Helle C Hillesund E R Omholt M L Overby N C. Early food for future health: a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of an eHealth intervention aiming to promote healthy food habits from early childhood. BMC Public Health 2017;17(1):729. - PMC - PubMed
Helping pre‐school children to avoid obesity {published data only}
    1. ISRCTN22620137 Trial registration number. Helping pre-school children to avoid obesity ISRCTN22620137. WHO ISRCTN 2016.
Hingle 2015 {published data only}
    1. Hingle M D Turner T Kutob R Merchant N Roe D J Stump C Going S B. The EPIC Kids Study: a randomized family-focused YMCA-based intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes in at-risk youth. BMC Public Health 2015;15:1253. - PMC - PubMed
Hjorth 2016 {published data only}
    1. Hjorth M F Sjodin A Dalskov S M Damsgaard C T Michaelsen K F Biltoft-Jensen A Andersen R Ritz C Chaput J P Astrup A. Sleep duration modifies effects of free ad libitum school meals on adiposity and blood pressure. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, & Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee, Nutrition et Metabolisme 2016;41(1):33-40. - PubMed
Hohman 2016 {published data only}
    1. Hohman EE, Savage JS, Paul IM, Birch LL. INSIGHT study parenting intervention to prevent childhood obesity improves patterns of dietary exposures in infants. In: FASEB Journal. Conference: Experimental Biology. Vol. 30. 2016.
Hohman 2017 {published data only}
    1. Hohman EE, Paul IM, Birch LL, Savage JS, . INSIGHT responsive parenting intervention is associated with healthier patterns of dietary exposures in infants. Obesity 2017;25(1):185-91. - PMC - PubMed
Hohman 2018 {published data only}
    1. Hohman E E Savage J S Birch L L Beiler J S Paul I M. Pacifier Use and Early Life Weight Outcomes in the Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories Study. Childhood Obesity 2018;14(1):58-66. - PMC - PubMed
Hollar 2015 {published data only}
    1. Hollar D, Heitz C, Zhou W. More young children in an obesity prevention intervention in ms and la head start centers improve/maintain BMI percentile and waist circumference compared to nonparticipants. In: Circulation. Vol. 131. 2015.
Hollis 2015 {published data only}
    1. Hollis J L Sutherland R Campbell L Morgan P Lubans D Nathan N Wolfenden L Okely T Davies L Gilham K Cohen K Wiggers J. A socio-ecologically framed, school-based physical activity intervention has beneficial effects on obesity outcomes in adolescents from low SES communities: the PA4E1 RCT. Obesity Facts 2015;8:110. - PMC - PubMed
Hollis 2016 {published data only}
    1. Hollis J L Sutherland R Campbell L Morgan P J Lubans D R Nathan N Wolfenden L Okely A D Davies L Williams A Cohen K E Oldmeadow C Gillham K Wiggers J. Effects of a 'school-based' physical activity intervention on adiposity in adolescents from economically disadvantaged communities: secondary outcomes of the 'Physical Activity 4 Everyone' RCT. International Journal of Obesity 2016;40(10):1486-93. - PMC - PubMed
Horodynski 2015 {published data only}
    1. Horodynski M A Silk K Hsieh G Hoffman A Robson M. Tools for teen moms to reduce infant obesity: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Public Health 2015;15:22. - PMC - PubMed
Horton 2013 {published data only}
    1. Horton L A Parada H Slymen D J Arredondo E Ibarra L Ayala G X. Targeting children's dietary behaviors in a family intervention: 'Entre familia: reflejos de salud'. Salud Publica de Mexico 2013;55(Suppl 3):397-405. - PubMed
Hrafnkelsson 2014 {published data only}
    1. Hrafnkelsson H Magnusson K T Thorsdottir I Johannsson E Sigurdsson E L. Result of school-based intervention on cardiovascular risk factors. Scandinavian journal of primary health care 2014;32(4):149-55. - PMC - PubMed
Huang 2015 {published data only}
    1. Huang T Larsen K T Jepsen J R Moller N C Thorsen A K Mortensen E L Andersen L B. Effects of an obesity intervention program on cognitive function in children: A randomized controlled trial. Obesity 2015;23(10):2101-8. - PubMed
Huang 2015a {published data only}
    1. Huang T Larsen K T Moller N C Ried-Larsen M Frandsen U Andersen L B. Effects of a multi-component camp-based intervention on inflammatory markers and adipokines in children: A randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine 2015;81:367-72. - PubMed
Hughes 2016 {published data only}
    1. Hughes S O Power T G Beck A Betz D Calodich S Goodell L S Hill L G Hill R Jaramillo J A Johnson S L Lanigan J Lawrence A Martinez A D Nesbitt M Overath I Parker L Ullrich-French S. Strategies for Effective Eating Development-SEEDS: Design of an Obesity Prevention Program to Promote Healthy Food Preferences and Eating Self-Regulation in Children From Low-Income Families. Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior 2016;48(6):405-418.e1. - PubMed
Hull 2016 {published data only}
    1. Hull P C Buchowski M Canedo J R Beech B M Du L Koyama T Zoorob R. Childhood obesity prevention cluster randomized trial for Hispanic families: outcomes of the healthy families study. Pediatric Obesity 2016;24:24. - PMC - PubMed
Iaia 2017 {published data only}
    1. Iaia M Pasini M Burnazzi A Vitali P Allara E Farneti M. An educational intervention to promote healthy lifestyles in preschool children: a cluster-RCT. International Journal of Obesity 2017;41(4):582-90. - PubMed
Jaakkola 2015 {published data only}
    1. Jaakkola J M Pahkala K Viitala M Ronnemaa T Viikari J Niinikoski H Lagstrom H Jula A Simell O Raitakari O. Association of Adiponectin with Adolescent Cardiovascular Health in a Dietary Intervention Study. Journal of Pediatrics 2015;167(2):353-360.e1. - PubMed
Janeiro {published data only}
    1. NCT03128775 Trial registration number. Nudging Students Towards Healthy Diet and Physical Activity to Prevent Obesity. Clinical trials.gov NCT0312877 Rio de Janeiro State University Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.
Jones 2015 {published data only}
    1. Jones R A Kelly J Cliff D P Batterham M Okely A D. Acceptability and Potential Efficacy of Single-Sex After-School Activity Programs for Overweight and At-Risk Children: The Wollongong SPORT RCT. Pediatric Exercise Science 2015;27(4):535-45. - PubMed
Katan 2016 {published data only}
    1. Katan M B De Ruyter J C Kuijper L D J Chow C C Hall K D Olthof M R. Impact of masked replacement of sugar-sweetened with sugar-free beverages on body weight increases with initial bmi: Secondary analysis of data from an 18 month double-blind trial in children. PLoS ONE 2016;11(7):e0159771. - PMC - PubMed
Kaufman‐Shriqui 2016 {published data only}
    1. Kaufman-Shriqui V Fraser D Friger M Geva D Bilenko N Vardi H Elhadad N Mor K Feine Z Shahar D R. Effect of a School-Based Intervention on Nutritional Knowledge and Habits of Low-Socioeconomic School Children in Israel: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2016;8(4):234. - PMC - PubMed
Kennedy 2018 {published data only}
    1. Kennedy S G Smith J J Morgan P J Peralta L R Hilland T A Eather N Lonsdale C Okely A D Plotnikoff R C Salmon J O Dewar D L Estabrooks P A Pollock E Finn T L Lubans D R. Implementing Resistance Training in Secondary Schools: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2018;50(1):62-72. - PubMed
Kesztyus 2017 {published data only}
    1. Kesztyus D Lauer R Kesztyus T Kilian R Steinacker J M Join the Healthy Boat" Study Group. Costs and effects of a state-wide health promotion program in primary schools in Germany - the Baden-Wurttemberg Study: A cluster-randomized, controlled trial. PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource] 2017;12(2):e0172332. - PMC - PubMed
Kharofa 2015 {published data only}
    1. Kharofa R Y Copeland K A Sucharew H Meurer J R. Randomized controlled trial of a Wellness Action Plan to promote healthy diet and activity in pediatric primary care. Preventive Medicine Reports 2015;2:899-905. - PMC - PubMed
Kipping 2016 {published data only}
    1. Kipping R Jago R Metcalfe C White J Papadaki A Campbell R Hollingworth W Ward D Wells S Brockman R Nicholson A Moore L. NAP SACC UK: protocol for a feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial in nurseries and at home to increase physical activity and healthy eating in children aged 2-4 years. BMJ Open 2016;6(4):e010622. - PMC - PubMed
Knowlden 2015 {published data only}
    1. Knowlden A P Sharma M Cottrell R R Wilson B R Johnson M L. Impact evaluation of Enabling Mothers to Prevent Pediatric Obesity through Web-Based Education and Reciprocal Determinism (EMPOWER) Randomized Control Trial. Health Education & Behavior 2015;42(2):171-84. - PubMed
Knowlden 2016 {published data only}
    1. Knowlden A Sharma M. One-Year Efficacy Testing of Enabling Mothers to Prevent Pediatric Obesity Through Web-Based Education and Reciprocal Determinism (EMPOWER) Randomized Control Trial. Health Education & Behavior 2016;43(1):94-106. - PubMed
Knowlden 2017 {published data only}
    1. Knowlden A P Conrad E. Two-Year Outcomes of the Enabling Mothers to Prevent Pediatric Obesity Through Web-Based Education and Reciprocal Determinism (EMPOWER) Randomized Control Trial. Health Education & Behavior 2017;45(2):262-76. - PubMed
Kobel 2014 {published data only}
    1. Kobel S Wirt T Schreiber A Kesztyus D Kettner S Erkelenz N Wartha O Steinacker J M. Intervention effects of a school-based health promotion programme on obesity related behavioural outcomes. Journal of Obesity 2014;2014:476230. - PMC - PubMed
Kobel 2017 {published data only}
    1. Kobel S Lammle C Wartha O Kesztyus D Wirt T Steinacker J M. Effects of a Randomised Controlled School-Based Health Promotion Intervention on Obesity Related Behavioural Outcomes of Children with Migration Background. Journal of Immigrant & Minority Health 2017;19(2):254-62. - PMC - PubMed
Kobel 2017a {published data only}
    1. Kobel S Wartha O Wirt T Dreyhaupt J Lammle C Friedemann E M Kelso A Kutzner C Hermeling L Steinacker J M. Design, Implementation, and Study Protocol of a Kindergarten-Based Health Promotion Intervention. BioMed Research International 2017;2017:4347675. - PMC - PubMed
Kocken 2016 {published data only}
    1. Kocken P L Scholten A M Westhoff E De Kok B P Taal E M Goldbohm R A. Effects of a Theory-Based Education Program to Prevent Overweightness in Primary School Children. Nutrients 2016;8(1):04. - PMC - PubMed
Kong 2016 {published data only}
    1. Kong A Buscemi J Stolley M R Schiffer L A Kim Y Braunschweig C L Gomez-Perez S L Blumstein L B Van Horn L Dyer A R Fitzgibbon M L. Hip-Hop to Health Jr. Randomized Effectiveness Trial: 1-Year Follow-up Results. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2016;50(2):136-44. - PMC - PubMed
Kovalskys 2016 {published data only}
    1. Kovalskys I Rausch Herscovici C Indart P Zonis Luciana Z L Anez E Orellana L. Maintaining levels of physical activity (PA) among 9- 11 y old children is a challenge. Evidence from SALTEN, a school-based obesity prevention intervention in Argentina. Obesity Reviews 2016;17:145.
Kovalskys 2017 {published data only}
    1. Kovalskys I Indart Rougier P Luciana L Rauch Herscovici C De Gregorio M J. Mini salten: A case study on learnings from Argentina on outcomes and challenges. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2017;71(Supplement 2):96-7.
Kovalskys 2017a {published data only}
    1. Kovalskys I Rausch Herscovici C Indart Rougier P De Gregorio M J Zonis L Orellana L. Study Protocol of MINI SALTEN: a technology-based multi-component intervention in the school environment targeting healthy habits of first grade children and their parents. BMC Public Health 2017;17(1):401. - PMC - PubMed
Kuni 2015 {published data only}
    1. Kuni B Ruhling N E Hegar U Roth C Schmitt H. Ball games and nutrition counseling improve postural control in overweight children. BMC Pediatrics 2015;15:205. - PMC - PubMed
La 2016 {published data only}
    1. La Torre G Mannocci A Saulle R Sinopoli A D'Egidio V Sestili C Manfuso R Masala D. [GiochiAMO! The protocol of a school based intervention for the promotion of physical activity and nutrition among children]. Clinica Terapeutica 2016;167(5):152-5. - PubMed
LaChausse 2017 {published data only}
    1. LaChausse Robert G. A clustered randomized controlled trial to determine impacts of the Harvest of the Month program. Health Education Research 2017;32(5):375-83. - PubMed
Lakshman 2015 {published data only}
    1. Lakshman R Whittle F Hardeman W Suhrcke M Wilson E Griffin S Ong K K. Effectiveness of a behavioural intervention to prevent excessive weight gain during infancy (The Baby Milk Trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials [Electronic Resource] 2015;16:442. - PMC - PubMed
Lappe 2017 {published data only}
    1. Lappe J M McMahon D J Laughlin A Hanson C Desmangles J C Begley M Schwartz M. The effect of increasing dairy calcium intake of adolescent girls on changes in body fat and weight. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2017;105(5):1046-53. - PMC - PubMed
Larsen 2015 {published data only}
    1. Larsen A L Robertson T Dunton G. RE-AIM analysis of a randomized school-based nutrition intervention among fourth-grade classrooms in California. Translational Behavioral Medicine 2015;5(3):315-26. - PMC - PubMed
Lau 2015 {published data only}
    1. Lau W C Zhang S Maddison R. The effect of a school-based active video game intervention on children's aerobic fitness, physical activity level, and exercise related psychological variables: A preliminary RCT trial. Obesity Facts 2015;8:145.
Leme 2015 {published data only}
    1. Leme A C Philippi S T. The "Healthy Habits, Healthy Girls" randomized controlled trial for girls: study design, protocol, and baseline results. Cadernos de Saude Publica 2015;31(7):1381-94. - PubMed
Leme 2016 {published data only}
    1. Leme A C Lubans D R Guerra P H Dewar D Toassa E C Philippi S T. Preventing obesity among Brazilian adolescent girls: Six-month outcomes of the Healthy Habits, Healthy Girls-Brazil school-based randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine 2016;86:77-83. - PubMed
Lent 2014 {published data only}
    1. Lent M R Vander Veur S S McCoy T A Wojtanowski A C Sandoval B Sherman S Komaroff E Foster G D. A randomized controlled study of a healthy corner store initiative on the purchases of urban, low-income youth. Obesity 2014;22(12):2494-500. - PMC - PubMed
Lerner‐Geva 2015 {published data only}
    1. Lerner-Geva L Bar-Zvi E Levitan G Boyko V Reichman B Pinhas-Hamiel O. An intervention for improving the lifestyle habits of kindergarten children in Israel: a cluster-randomised controlled trial investigation. Public Health Nutrition 2015;18(9):1537-44. - PMC - PubMed
Li 2017 {published data only}
    1. Li B Liu W J Adab P Pallan M Hemming K Frew E Lin R Martin J Liu W Cheng K K. Cluster-randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an obesity prevention programme for Chinese primary school-aged children: the CHIRPY DRAGON study protocol. BMJ Open 2017;7(11):e018415. - PMC - PubMed
Liberato 2016 {published data only}
    1. Liberato S C Brimblecombe J K Moodie M Nutton G Sayers S Ball K. Assessing the impact of a multi-component intervention to improve dietary intake of indigenous Australian children and their families living in remote communities. Obesity Reviews 2016;17:159.
Lichtenstein 2011 {published data only}
    1. Lichtenstein STeufel. Prevention of obesity in primary school: A school-based prevention program reduces the risk for obesity in school children. Monatsschrift fur Kinderheilkunde 2011;159(8):751-7.
Llargués 2017 {published data only}
    1. Llargués Esteve Recasens Ma Assumpta Manresa Josep-Maria Jensen Bjarne Bruun Franco Rosa Nadal Anna Vila Maria Recasens Isabel Pérez M José Castell Conxa. Four-year outcomes of an educational intervention in healthy habits in schoolchildren: the Avall 3 Trial. European Journal of Public Health 2017;27(1):42-7. - PubMed
Lloyd 2014 {published data only}
    1. Lloyd A B Lubans D R Plotnikoff R C Morgan P J. Impact of the 'Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids' lifestyle programme on the activity- and diet-related parenting practices of fathers and mothers. Pediatric Obesity 2014;9(6):e149-55. - PubMed
Lloyd 2015 {published data only}
    1. Lloyd Jenny Wyatt Katrina. Uptake, retention and engagement of children participating in the cluster randomised controlled trial of the Healthy Lifestyles Programme (HeLP). Education & Health 2015;33(4):88-95.
Lloyd 2017 {published data only}
    1. Lloyd J Creanor S Price L Abraham C Dean S Green C Hillsdon M Pearson V Taylor R S Tomlinson R Logan S Hurst A Ryan E Daurge W Wyatt K. Trial baseline characteristics of a cluster randomised controlled trial of a school-located obesity prevention programme; the Healthy Lifestyles Programme (HeLP) trial. BMC Public Health 2017;17(1):291. - PMC - PubMed
Lloyd 2017a {published data only}
    1. Lloyd J McHugh C Minton J Eke H Wyatt K. The impact of active stakeholder involvement on recruitment, retention and engagement of schools, children and their families in the cluster randomised controlled trial of the Healthy Lifestyles Programme (HeLP): a school-based intervention to prevent obesity. Trials [Electronic Resource] 2017;18(1):378. - PMC - PubMed
Lloyd 2018 {published data only}
    1. Lloyd J Creanor S Logan S Green C Dean S G Hillsdon M Abraham C Tomlinson R Pearson V Taylor R S Ryan E Price L Streeter A Wyatt K. Effectiveness of the Healthy Lifestyles Programme (HeLP) to prevent obesity in UK primary-school children: a cluster randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health 2018;2(1):35-45. - PMC - PubMed
Lopes 2016 {published data only}
    1. Lopes W A Leite N da Silva L R Brunelli D T Gaspari A F Radominski R B Chacon-Mikahil M P Cavaglieri C R. Effects of 12 weeks of combined training without caloric restriction on inflammatory markers in overweight girls. Journal of Sports Sciences 2016;34(20):1902-12. - PubMed
Lubans 2010 {published data only}
    1. Lubans DR Morgan PJ Dewar D. The Nutrition and Enjoyable Activity for Teen Girls (NEAT girls) randomized controlled trial for adolescent girls from disadvantaged secondary schools: rationale, study protocol, and baseline results. BMC Public Health 2010;10:652. - PMC - PubMed
Lubans 2012a {published data only}
    1. Lubans DR, Morgan PJ, Callister R. Potential moderators and mediators of intervention effects in an obesity prevention program for adolescent boys from disadvantaged schools. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2012;15(6):519-25. - PubMed
Lubans 2016 {published data only}
    1. Lubans D Smith JJ Peralta LR Plotnikoff RC Oakley AD Salmonm J Eather N Dewar Dl et al. A school-based intervention incorporating smartphone technology to improve health-related fitness among adolescents: rationale and study protocol for the NEAT and ATLAS 2.0 cluster randomised controlled trial and dissemination study. BMJ Open 2016;6:e010448. - PMC - PubMed
Lubans 2016a {published data only}
    1. Lubans D R Smith J J Morgan P J Beauchamp M R Miller A Lonsdale C Parker P Dally K. Mediators of Psychological Well-being in Adolescent Boys. Journal of Adolescent Health 2016;58(2):230-6. - PubMed
Lubans 2016b {published data only}
    1. Lubans D R Smith J J Plotnikoff R C Dally K A Okely A D Salmon J Morgan P J. Assessing the sustained impact of a school-based obesity prevention program for adolescent boys: the ATLAS cluster randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity 2016;13:92. - PMC - PubMed
Lumeng 2017 {published data only}
    1. Lumeng J C Miller A L Horodynski M A Brophy-Herb H E Contreras D Lee H Sturza J Kaciroti N Peterson K E. Improving Self-Regulation for Obesity Prevention in Head Start: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics 2017;139(5):e20162047. - PubMed
Luszczynska 2016 {published data only}
    1. Luszczynska A Horodyska K Zarychta K Liszewska N Knoll N Scholz U. Planning and self-efficacy interventions encouraging replacing energy-dense foods intake with fruit and vegetable: A longitudinal experimental study. Psychology & Health 2016;31(1):40-64. - PubMed
Lynch 2016 {published data only}
    1. Lynch B A Gentile N Maxson J Quigg S Swenson L Kaufman T. Elementary School-Based Obesity Intervention Using an Educational Curriculum. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 2016;7(4):265-71. - PMC - PubMed
Madsen 2015 {published data only}
    1. Madsen K Linchey J Gerstein D Ross M Myers E Brown K Crawford P. Energy Balance 4 Kids with Play: Results from a Two-Year Cluster-Randomized Trial. Childhood Obesity 2015;11(4):375-83. - PubMed
Madsen 2017 {published data only}
    1. Madsen K A Linchey J Ritchie L Thompson H R. The Fit Study: Design and rationale for a cluster randomized trial of school-based BMI screening and reporting. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2017;58:40-6. - PMC - PubMed
Magarey 2016 {published data only}
    1. Magarey A Mauch C Mallan K Perry R Elovaris R Meedeniya J Byrne R Daniels L. Child dietary and eating behavior outcomes up to 3.5 years after an early feeding intervention: The NOURISH RCT. Obesity 2016;24(7):1537-45. - PubMed
Maha 2016 {published data only}
    1. Maha Nubani Huseini M Donchin M. School-based intervention program to promote healthy eating & physical activity among palestinian mothers. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 2016;23:S62.
Martinez‐Vizcaino 2015 {published data only}
    1. Martinez-Vizcaino V Mota J Solera-Martinez M Notario-Pacheco B Arias-Palencia N Garcia-Prieto J C Gonzalez-Garcia A Alvarez-Bueno C Sanchez-Lopez M Movi-Kids group. Rationale and methods of a randomised cross-over cluster trial to assess the effectiveness of MOVI-KIDS on preventing obesity in pre-schoolers. BMC Public Health 2015;15:176. - PMC - PubMed
McEachan 2016 {published data only}
    1. McEachan R R Santorelli G Bryant M Sahota P Farrar D Small N Akhtar S Sargent J Barber S E Taylor N Richardson G Farrin A J Bhopal R S Bingham D D Ahern S M Wright J Bi B childhood obesity scientific group. The HAPPY (Healthy and Active Parenting Programmme for early Years) feasibility randomised control trial: acceptability and feasibility of an intervention to reduce infant obesity. BMC Public Health 2016;16:211. - PMC - PubMed
McManus 2015 {published data only}
    1. McManus R M Donovan L Miller D Mottola M Giroux I Rosas-Arellano P. Families defeating diabetes (FDD): A Canadian intervention for family-centered diabetes prevention following gestational diabetes (GDM): Initial results. Diabetes 2015;64:A632.
Melnyk 2015 {published data only}
    1. Melnyk B M Jacobson D Kelly S A Belyea M J Shaibi G Q Small L O'Haver J A Marsiglia F F. Twelve-Month Effects of the COPE Healthy Lifestyles TEEN Program on Overweight and Depressive Symptoms in High School Adolescents. Journal of School Health 2015;85(12):861-70. - PMC - PubMed
Messiah 2017 {published data only}
    1. Messiah S E Lebron C Moise R Sunil Mathew M Sardinas K Chang C Palenzuela J Walsh J Shelnutt K P Spector R Altare F Natale R. Healthy caregivers-healthy children (HC2) phase 2: Integrating culturally sensitive childhood obesity prevention strategies into childcare center policies. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2017;53:60-7. - PubMed
Minossi 2015 {published data only}
    1. Minossi V Pellanda L C. The "Happy Heart" educational program for changes in health habits in children and their families: protocol for a randomized clinical trial. BMC Pediatrics 2015;15:19. - PMC - PubMed
Mohammed 2015 {published data only}
    1. Mohammed Nawi A Che Jamaludin F I. Effect of Internet-based Intervention on Obesity among Adolescents in Kuala Lumpur: A School-based Cluster Randomised Trial. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Science 2015;22(4):47-56. - PMC - PubMed
Moir 2016 {published data only}
    1. Moir C Meredith-Jones K Taylor B J Gray A Heath A M Dale K Galland B Lawrence J Sayers R M Taylor R W. Early Intervention to Encourage Physical Activity in Infants and Toddlers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2016;48(12):2446-53. - PubMed
Moore 2016 {published data only}
    1. Moore Justin B Brinkley Jason Morris Sara F Oniffrey Theresa M Kolbe Mary Bea. Effectiveness of Community-Based Minigrants to Increase Physical Activity and Decrease Sedentary Time in Youth. Journal of Public Health Management & Practice 2016;22(4):370-8. - PubMed
Mora 2015a {published data only}
    1. Mora T Llargues E Recasens A. Does health education affect BMI? Evidence from a school-based randomised-control trial. Economics & Human Biology 2015;17:190-201. - PubMed
More jumping and better eating at home and school {published data only}
    1. ISRCTN58093412 Trial registration number. More jumping and better eating at home and school [MINI SALTEN: study assessing the efficacy of a virtual intervention targeted to parents and aimed at preventing obesity in 6 year old children of public schools of Buenos Aires]. WHO ISRCTN http://isrctn.com/ISRCTN58093412 2016.
Morgan 2014 {published data only}
    1. Morgan P J Collins C E Plotnikoff R C Callister R Burrows T Fletcher R Okely A D Young M D Miller A Lloyd A B Cook A T Cruickshank J Saunders K L Lubans D R. The 'Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids' community randomized controlled trial: a community-based healthy lifestyle program for fathers and their children. Preventive Medicine 2014;61:90-9. - PubMed
Muller 2016 {published data only}
    1. Muller U M Walther C Adams V Mende M Adam J Fikenzer K Machalica K C Erbs S Linke A Schuler G. Long term impact of one daily unit of physical exercise at school on cardiovascular risk factors in school children. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 2016;23(13):1444-52. - PubMed
Muzaffar 2014 {published data only}
    1. Muzaffar H Castelli D M Scherer J Chapman-Novakofski K. The impact of web-based HOT (Healthy Outcomes for Teens) Project on risk for type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2014;16(12):846-52. - PubMed
Muzaffar 2016 {published data only}
    1. Muzaffar H, Nickols-Richardson SM. PAWS (Peer-education About Weight Steadiness) club: Rationale and design for a randomized controlled study. In: FASEB Journal. Conference: Experimental Biology. Vol. 30. 2016.
Nanney 2016 {published data only}
    1. Nanney M S Shanafelt A Wang Q Leduc R Dodds E Hearst M Kubik M Y Grannon K Harnack L. Project BreakFAST: Rationale, design, and recruitment and enrollment methods of a randomized controlled trial to evaluate an intervention to improve school breakfast program participation in rural high schools. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications 2016;3:12-22. - PMC - PubMed
Natale 2016 {published data only}
    1. Natale R N Messiah S E Chang C Sardinas K Fitzgibbons J Peraza S. Healthy caregivers-healthy children: A primary prevention program with preschool children. Cardiology (Switzerland) 2016;134:71.
Natale 2017 {published data only}
    1. Natale R A Messiah S E Asfour L S Uhlhorn S B Englebert N E Arheart K L. Obesity Prevention Program in Childcare Centers: Two-Year Follow-Up. American Journal of Health Promotion 2017;31(6):502-10. - PubMed
Natale 2017a {published data only}
    1. Natale Ruby R Camejo Stephanie T Asfour Lila Uhlhorn Susan B Delamater Alan Messiah Sarah E. Promoting healthy weight among children with developmental delays. Journal of Early Intervention 2017;39(1):51-65.
Nezami 2016 {published data only}
    1. Nezami B T Lytle L A Tate D F. A randomized trial to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage and juice intake in preschool-aged children: description of the Smart Moms intervention trial. BMC Public Health 2016;16(1):837. - PMC - PubMed
Nezami 2017 {published data only}
    1. Nezami BT. Healthy weight behaviors and weight change in parents and preschool-aged children. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2017.
Nezami 2017a {published data only}
    1. Nezami B T Ward D S Lytle L A Ennett S T Tate D F. A mHealth randomized controlled trial to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage intake in preschool-aged children. Pediatric Obesity 2017;08:08. - PubMed
Nogueira 2014a {published data only}
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Nogueira 2015 {published data only}
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Nogueira 2017 {published data only}
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Novotny 2015 {published data only}
    1. Novotny R Nigg C R Li F Wilkens L R. Pacific kids DASH for health (PacDASH) randomized, controlled trial with DASH eating plan plus physical activity improves fruit and vegetable intake and diastolic blood pressure in children. Childhood Obesity 2015;11(2):177-86. - PubMed
Novotny 2017 {published data only}
    1. Novotny R Wilkens L R Nigg C R Braun K Butel J Areta A Coleman P Belyeu-Camacho T Greenberg J Bersamin A Guerrero R L Barber L R Fialkowski M K De La Cruz-Talbert E. Effectiveness of the Children's Healthy Living (CHL) multilevel multicomponent community intervention program in 5 US affiliated pacific jurisdictions. In: FASEB Journal. Conference: Experimental Biology. Vol. 31. 2017.
Nudging, Healthy Diet and Physical Activity {published data only}
    1. NCT03136016 Trial registration number. Nudging, Healthy Diet and Physical Activity. Design of a School Randomized Trial for Nudging Students Towards Healthy Diet and Physical Activity. https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03136016 WHO ClinicalTrials.gov 2017:NCT03136016.
NUTRICIA {published data only}
    1. NUTRICIA Universiteit Leiden Wageningen University Danone Research. Baby's First Bites: Promoting Vegetable Intake in Infants and Toddlers. https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT03348176.
Nyberg 2016 {published data only}
    1. Nyberg G Norman A Sundblom E Zeebari Z Elinder L S. Effectiveness of a universal parental support programme to promote health behaviours and prevent overweight and obesity in 6-year-old children in disadvantaged areas, the Healthy School Start Study II, a cluster-randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity 2016;13:4. - PMC - PubMed
Nystrom 2017 {published data only}
    1. Nystrom C D Sandin S Henriksson P Henriksson H Trolle-Lagerros Y Larsson C Maddison R Ortega F B Pomeroy J Ruiz J R Silfvernagel K Timpka T Lof M. Mobile-based intervention intended to stop obesity in preschool-aged children: the MINISTOP randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2017;105(6):1327-35. - PubMed
Ochoa 2017 {published data only}
    1. Ochoa A Ochoa Aviles A Andrade Tenesaca D S Verstraeten R Huybregts L Lachat C Ramirez Jimbo P L Andrade Munoz D J Donoso Moscoso S P. Effect of the school-based health promotion intervention activital on dietary intake and waist circumference: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2017;71(Supplement 2):1272-3.
Ochoa‐Aviles 2017 {published data only}
    1. Ochoa-Aviles A Verstraeten R Huybregts L Andrade S Van Camp J Donoso S Ramirez P L Lachat C Maes L Kolsteren P. A school-based intervention improved dietary intake outcomes and reduced waist circumference in adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Nutrition Journal 2017;16(1):79. - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Olsen N J Angquist L Mortensen E L Heitmann B L. Primary prevention of excessive fat gain among 2-6 year olds. Results from the "healthy start" randomized intervention. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2017;71(Supplement 2):735-6.
Omorou 2015 {published data only}
    1. Omorou A Y Langlois J Lecomte E Vuillemin A Briancon S. Erratum: Adolescents' Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: A Pathway in Reducing Overweight and Obesity. The PRALIMAP 2-Year Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (Journal of physical activity & health). Journal of physical activity & health 2015;12(5):628-35. - PubMed
Omorou 2015a {published data only}
    1. Omorou A Y Langlois J Lecomte E Vuillemin A Briancon S Pralimap Trial Group. Adolescents' Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: A Pathway in Reducing Overweight and Obesity. The PRALIMAP 2-Year Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Physical Activity & Health 2015;12(5):628-35. - PubMed
Pamplona 2015 {published data only}
    1. Pamplona Cunha H Caetano R Oliveira M V Rosini N Oppermann Moura S A Machado M J Silva E L. Effectiveness of lifestyle intervention in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors in students with dyslipidemia or abdominal obesity. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 2015;53:S310.
Parkinson 2015 {published data only}
    1. Parkinson K N Jones A R Tovee M J Ells L J Pearce M S Araujo-Soares V Adamson A J. A cluster randomised trial testing an intervention to improve parents' recognition of their child's weight status: study protocol. BMC Public Health 2015;15:549. - PMC - PubMed
Paul 2016 {published data only}
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Pellanda 2015 {published data only}
    1. Pellanda L C Minossi V Borges R F Hattge Jr S P. The happy heart educational program randomized clinical trial: Benefits for children with cardiovascular risk factors and their caregivers are sustained after a year of follow-up. European Heart Journal 2015;36:114.
Penalvo 2013 {published data only}
    1. Penalvo J L Santos-Beneit G Sotos-Prieto M Martinez R Rodriguez C Franco M Lopez-Romero P Pocock S Redondo J Fuster V. A cluster randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of a school-based behavioral intervention for health promotion among children aged 3 to 5. BMC Public Health 2013;13:656. - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Penalvo J L Santos-Beneit G Sotos-Prieto M Bodega P Oliva B Orrit X Rodriguez C Fernandez-Alvira J M Redondo J Vedanthan R Bansilal S Gomez E Fuster V. The SI! Program for Cardiovascular Health Promotion in Early Childhood A Cluster-Randomized Trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2015;66(14):1525-34. - PubMed
Pinket 2016 {published data only}
    1. Pinket A S Van Lippevelde W De Bourdeaudhuij I Deforche B Cardon G Androutsos O Koletzko B Moreno L A Socha P Iotova V Manios Y De Craemer M ToyBox-Study Group. Effect and Process Evaluation of a Cluster Randomized Control Trial on Water Intake and Beverage Consumption in Preschoolers from Six European Countries: The ToyBox-Study. PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource] 2016;11(4):e0152928. - PMC - PubMed
Price 2015 {published data only}
    1. Price S Ferisin S Sharifi M Steinberg D Bennett G Wolin K Y Horan C Koziol R Marshall R Taveras E M. Development and Implementation of an Interactive Text Messaging Campaign to Support Behavior Change in a Childhood Obesity Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Health Communication 2015;20(7):843-50. - PubMed
Prina 2014 {published data only}
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Quintiliani 2014 {published data only}
    1. Quintiliani L M DeBiasse M A Branco J M Bhosrekar S G Rorie J A Bowen D J. Enhancing physical and social environments to reduce obesity among public housing residents: rationale, trial design, and baseline data for the Healthy Families study. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2014;39(2):201-10. - PubMed
Raat 2013 {published data only}
    1. Raat H Struijk M K Remmers T Vlasblom E van Grieken A Broeren S M te Velde S J Beltman M Boere-Boonekamp M M L'Hoir M P. Primary prevention of overweight in preschool children, the BeeBOFT study (breastfeeding, breakfast daily, outside playing, few sweet drinks, less TV viewing): design of a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2013;13:974. - PMC - PubMed
Raine 2017 {published data only}
    1. Raine L B Khan N A Drollette E S Pontifex M B Kramer A F Hillman C H. Obesity, Visceral Adipose Tissue, and Cognitive Function in Childhood. Journal of Pediatrics 2017;187:134-140.e3. - PMC - PubMed
Rangan 2017 {published data only}
    1. Rangan A Zheng M Olsen N J Rohde J F Heitmann B L. Dietary intake, weight gain and sleep patterns in young children predisposed to overweight. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2017;71(Supplement 2):538-9.
Razani 2016 {published data only}
    1. Razani N Kohn M A Wells N M Thompson D Hamilton Flores H Rutherford G W. Design and evaluation of a park prescription program for stress reduction and health promotion in low-income families: The Stay Healthy in Nature Everyday (SHINE) study protocol. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2016;51:8-14. - PubMed
Redfern 2016 {published data only}
    1. Redfern J Enright G Raadsma S Allman-Farinelli M Innes-Hughes C Khanal S Lukeis S Rissel C Gyani A. Effectiveness of a behavioral incentive scheme linked to goal achievement: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.[Erratum appears in Trials. 2016;17(1):126 Note: Khanal, Santash [Corrected to Khanal, Santosh]; PMID: 26957296]. Trials [Electronic Resource] 2016;17:33. - PMC - PubMed
Rerksuppaphol 2017 {published data only}
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Reyes‐Morales 2016 {published data only}
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Richmond 2016 {published data only}
    1. Richmond S A Kang J Doyle-Baker P K Nettel-Aguirre A Emery C A. A School-Based Injury Prevention Program to Reduce Sport Injury Risk and Improve Healthy Outcomes in Youth: A Pilot Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 2016;26(4):291-8. - PubMed
Rosario 2015 {published data only}
    1. Rosario R Araujo A Padro P Lopes O Pereira B Moreira P. Characteristics of a successful program to decrease BMI and LNED intake in school children. Obesity Facts 2015;8:128.
Rosario 2017 {published data only}
    1. Rosario R Araujo A Padrao P Lopes O Moreira A Pereira B Moreira P. Prevention of childhood obesity: Lessons learned from a school-based intervention program. Obesity Facts 2017;10:52.
Roth 2010 {published data only}
    1. Roth K, Mauer S, Obinger M, Ruf K. Prevention through Activity in Kindergarten Trial (PAKT): a cluster randomised controlled trial to assess the effects of an activity intervention in preschool children. BMC Public Health 2010;10:410. - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Ruiter E L Fransen G A Molleman G R van der Velden K Engels R C. The effectiveness of a web-based Dutch parenting program to prevent overweight in children 9-13 years of age: study protocol for a two-armed cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2015;15:148. - PMC - PubMed
Rush 2016 {published data only}
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Salazar 2014 {published data only}
    1. Salazar G Vasquez F Concha F Rodriguez Mdel P Berlanga Mdel R Rojas J Munoz A Andrade M. Pilot nutrition and physical activity intervention for preschool children attending daycare centres (JUNJI): primary and secondary outcomes. Nutricion hospitalaria 2014;29(5):1004-12. - PubMed
Sanchez‐Lopez 2015 {published data only}
    1. Sanchez-Lopez M Pardo-Guijarro M J Del Campo D G Silva P Martinez-Andres M Gulias-Gonzalez R Diez-Fernandez A Franquelo-Morales P Martinez-Vizcaino V Movi-Kids group. Physical activity intervention (Movi-Kids) on improving academic achievement and adiposity in preschoolers with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials [Electronic Resource] 2015;16:456. - PMC - PubMed
Santos 2012 {published data only}
    1. Santos R Durksen A Chanoine J P Miln A L Mayer T McGavock J. Healthy buddies© manitoba: A clustered randomized controlled trial of peer-based healthy living lessons plans on body weight and physical activity in early years students. Canadian Journal of Diabetes 2012;1:S20.
Santos 2015 {published data only}
    1. Santos I S Matijasevich A Assuncao M C Valle N C Horta B L Goncalves H D Gigante D P Martines J C Pelto G Victora C G. Promotion of Weight Gain in Early Childhood Does Not Increase Metabolic Risk in Adolescents: A 15-Year Follow-Up of a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Nutrition 2015;145(12):2749-55. - PubMed
Santos 2016 {published data only}
    1. Santos I S Bassani D G Matijasevich A Halal C S Del-Ponte B da Cruz S H Anselmi L Albernaz E Fernandes M Tovo-Rodrigues L Silveira M F Hallal P C. Infant sleep hygiene counseling (sleep trial): protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2016;16(1):307. - PMC - PubMed
Santos‐Beneit 2015 {published data only}
    1. Santos-Beneit G Sotos-Prieto M Pocock S Redondo J Fuster V Penalvo J L. Association between anthropometry and high blood pressure in a representative sample of preschoolers in madrid. Revista Espanola de Cardiologia 2015;68(6):477-84. - PubMed
Savage 2016 {published data only}
    1. Savage JS, Birch LL, Marini M, Anzman-Frasca S, Paul IM. Effect of the INSIGHT Responsive Parenting Intervention on Rapid Infant Weight Gain and Overweight Status at Age 1 Year: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatrics 2016;170(8):742-9. - PMC - PubMed
Sayers 2017 {published data only}
    1. Sayers R Galland B Cameron S Gray A Heath A Lawrence J Newlands A Taylor B Taylor R. Does early parental education prevent infant sleep problems? Journal of Sleep Research 2017;26(Supplement 1):9.
Schoffman 2017 {published data only}
    1. Schoffman DE. Enhancing Parent-child communication and promoting physical activity and healthy eating through mobile technology: A randomized trial. Columbia: University of South Carolina, 2017.
Schuh 2017 {published data only}
    1. Schuh D S Goulart M R Barbiero S M Sica C D Borges R Moraes D W Pellanda L C. Healthy School, Happy School: Design and Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial Designed to Prevent Weight Gain in Children. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 2017;108(6):501-7. - PMC - PubMed
Schwartz 2015 {published data only}
    1. Schwartz R Vigo A de Oliveira L D Justo Giugliani E R. The Effect of a Pro-Breastfeeding and Healthy Complementary Feeding Intervention Targeting Adolescent Mothers and Grandmothers on Growth and Prevalence of Overweight of Preschool Children. PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource] 2015;10(7):e0131884. - PMC - PubMed
Seguin 2017 {published data only}
    1. Seguin R A Morgan E H Hanson K L Ammerman A S Jilcott Pitts S B Kolodinsky J Sitaker M Becot F A Connor L M Garner J A McGuirt J T. Farm Fresh Foods for Healthy Kids (F3HK): An innovative community supported agriculture intervention to prevent childhood obesity in low-income families and strengthen local agricultural economies. BMC Public Health 2017;17(1):306. - PMC - PubMed
Seward 2016 {published data only}
    1. Seward K Wolfenden L Finch M Wiggers J Wyse R Jones J Gillham K Yoong S L. Multistrategy childcare-based intervention to improve compliance with nutrition guidelines versus usual care in long day care services: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2016;6(6):e010786. - PMC - PubMed
Sgambato 2016 {published data only}
    1. Sgambato M R Cunha D B Henriques V T Estima C C Souza B S Pereira R A Yokoo E M Paravidino V B Sichieri R. PAAPPAS community trial protocol: a randomized study of obesity prevention for adolescents combining school with household intervention. BMC Public Health 2016;16(1):809. - PMC - PubMed
Shah 2016 {published data only}
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Sherwood 2015 {published data only}
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Simons 2014 {published data only}
    1. Simons M Chinapaw M J van de Bovenkamp M de Boer M R Seidell J C Brug J de Vet E. Active video games as a tool to prevent excessive weight gain in adolescents: rationale, design and methods of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2014;14:275. - PMC - PubMed
Simons 2015 {published data only}
    1. Simons M Brug J Chinapaw M J de Boer M Seidell J de Vet E. Replacing Non-Active Video Gaming by Active Video Gaming to Prevent Excessive Weight Gain in Adolescents. PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource] 2015;10(7):e0126023. - PMC - PubMed
Skouteris 2010 {published data only}
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Skouteris 2014 {published data only}
    1. Skouteris H Edwards S Rutherford L Cutter-MacKenzie A Huang T O'Connor A. Promoting healthy eating, active play and sustainability consciousness in early childhood curricula, addressing the Ben10TM problem: a randomised control trial. BMC Public Health 2014;14:548. - PMC - PubMed
Smedegaard 2016 {published data only}
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Smith 2015 {published data only}
    1. Smith J D Montano Z Dishion T J Shaw D S Wilson M N. Preventing weight gain and obesity: indirect effects of the family check-up in early childhood.[Erratum appears in Prev Sci. 2015 Apr;16(3):420; PMID: 25740012]. Prevention Science 2015;16(3):408-19. - PMC - PubMed
Smith 2017 {published data only}
    1. Smith J J Morgan P J Lonsdale C Dally K Plotnikoff R C Lubans D R. Mediators of change in screen-time in a school-based intervention for adolescent boys: findings from the ATLAS cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2017;40(3):423-33. - PubMed
Smith 2018 {published data only}
    1. Smith E. The effects of access and education on preschool children's fruit and vegetable intake. Columbus: The Ohio State University, 2018.
Sobko 2016 {published data only}
    1. Sobko T Tse M Kaplan M. A randomized controlled trial for families with preschool children - promoting healthy eating and active playtime by connecting to nature. BMC Public Health 2016;16:505. - PMC - PubMed
Spieker 2015a {published data only}
    1. Spieker E A Sbrocco T Theim K R Maurer D Johnson D Bryant E Bakalar J L Schvey N A Ress R Seehusen D Klein D A Stice E Yanovski J A Chan L Gentry S Ellsworth C Hill J W Tanofsky-Kraff M Stephens M B. Preventing Obesity in the Military Community (POMC): the development of a clinical trials research network. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health [Electronic Resource] 2015;12(2):1174-95. - PMC - PubMed
Steenbock 2017 {published data only}
    1. Steenbock B Zeeb H Rach S Pohlabeln H Pischke C R. Design and methods for a cluster-controlled trial conducted at sixty-eight daycare facilities evaluating the impact of "JolinchenKids - Fit and Healthy in Daycare", a program for health promotion in 3- to 6-year-old children.[Erratum appears in BMC Public Health. 2017 Sep 22;17 (1):736; PMID: 28938882]. BMC Public Health 2017;18(1):6. - PMC - PubMed
Stettler 2015 {published data only}
    1. Stettler N Wrotniak B H Hill D L Kumanyika S K Xanthopoulos M S Nihtianova S Shults J Leff S S Pinto A Berkowitz R I Faith M S. Prevention of excess weight gain in paediatric primary care: beverages only or multiple lifestyle factors. The Smart Step Study, a cluster-randomized clinical trial. Pediatric Obesity 2015;10(4):267-74. - PMC - PubMed
Suchert 2015 {published data only}
    1. Suchert V Isensee B Sargent J Weisser B Hanewinkel R lauft Study Group. Prospective effects of pedometer use and class competitions on physical activity in youth: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine 2015;81:399-404. - PubMed
Sun 2017 {published data only}
    1. Sun A, Cheng J, Bui Q, Liang Y, Ng T, Chen JL, . Home-Based and Technology-Centered Childhood Obesity Prevention for Chinese Mothers With Preschool-Aged Children. Journal of Transcultural Nursing 2017;28(6):616-24. - PubMed
Sutherland 2016 {published data only}
    1. Sutherland R Reeves P Campbell E Lubans D R Morgan P J Nathan N Wolfenden L Okely A D Gillham K Davies L Wiggers J. Cost effectiveness of a multi-component school-based physical activity intervention targeting adolescents: the 'Physical Activity 4 Everyone' cluster randomized trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity 2016;13:94. - PMC - PubMed
Tang 2016 {published data only}
    1. Tang M, Griese KE, Krebs NF, . Dietary intakes of formula-fed infants consuming a meat-or dairy-based complementary diet: A semi-controlled feeding trial. In: FASEB Journal. Conference: Experimental Biology. 2016.
Tarro 2017 {published data only}
    1. Tarro L Aceves-Martins M Papell-Garcia I Arola L Giralt M Llaurado E Sola R. A youth-led, social marketing intervention run by adolescents to encourage healthy lifestyles among younger school peers (EYTO-kids project): A protocol for pilot cluster randomized controlled trial (Spain). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017;14(8):923. - PMC - PubMed
Taveras 2012 {published data only}
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Taylor 2013 {published data only}
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Taylor 2017 {published data only}
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    1. Taylor R W Williams S M Fangupo L J Wheeler B J Taylor B J Daniels L Fleming E A McArthur J Morison B Erickson L W Davies R S Bacchus S Cameron S L Heath A M. Effect of a Baby-Led Approach to Complementary Feeding on Infant Growth and Overweight: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatrics 2017;171(9):838-46. - PMC - PubMed
Thayer 2017 {published data only}
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The Healthy School Start Plus Intervention Study {published data only}
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Thompson 2013 {published data only}
    1. Thompson D Mahabir R Bhatt R Boutte C Cantu D Vazquez I Callender C Cullen K Baranowski T Liu Y Walker C Buday R. Butterfly Girls; promoting healthy diet and physical activity to young African American girls online: rationale and design. BMC Public Health 2013;13:709. - PMC - PubMed
Tirlea 2016 {published data only}
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Tomayko 2017 {published data only}
    1. Tomayko E J Prince R J Cronin K A Parker T Kim K Grant V M Sheche J N Adams A K. Healthy Children, Strong Families 2: A randomized controlled trial of a healthy lifestyle intervention for American Indian families designed using community-based approaches. Clinical Trials 2017;14(2):152-61. - PMC - PubMed
Toscano 2017 {published data only}
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van Grieken 2017 {published data only}
    1. Grieken A Vlasblom E Wang L Beltman M Boere-Boonekamp M M L'Hoir M P Raat H. Personalized Web-Based Advice in Combination With Well-Child Visits to Prevent Overweight in Young Children: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2017;19(7):e268. - PMC - PubMed
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Vilchis‐Gil 2016 {published data only}
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Wade 2017 {published data only}
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Wagner 2017 {published data only}
    1. Wagner K A Braun E Armah S M Horan D Smith L G Pike J Tu W Hamilton M T Delp E J Campbell W W Boushey C J Hannon T S Gletsu-Miller N. Dietary Intervention for Glucose Tolerance In Teens (DIG IT): Protocol of a randomized controlled trial using health coaching to prevent youth-onset type 2 diabetes. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2017;53:171-7. - PMC - PubMed
Walther 2011 {published data only}
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Walton 2015 {published data only}
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Walton 2016 {published data only}
    1. Walton K Filion A J Gross D Morrongiello B Darlington G Randall Simpson J Hou S Haines J. Parents and Tots Together: Pilot randomized controlled trial of a family-based obesity prevention intervention in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health. Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique 2016;106(8):e555-62. - PMC - PubMed
Wang 2017 {published data only}
    1. Wang Z Xu F Ye Q Tse L A Xue H Tan Z Leslie E Owen N Wang Y. Childhood obesity prevention through a community-based cluster randomized controlled physical activity intervention among schools in China: The health legacy project of the 2nd world summer youth olympic games (YOG-obesity study). International Journal of Obesity 2017;05:05. - PMC - PubMed
Wasser 2015 {published data only}
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Waters 2017 {published data only}
    1. Waters E Gibbs L Tadic M Ukoumunne O C Magarey A Okely A D de Silva A Armit C Green J O'Connor T Johnson B Swinburn B Carpenter L Moore G Littlecott H Gold L. Cluster randomised trial of a school-community child health promotion and obesity prevention intervention: findings from the evaluation of fun 'n healthy in Moreland!.[Erratum appears in BMC Public Health. 2017 Sep 22;17 (1):736; PMID: 28938882]. BMC Public Health 2017;18(1):92. - PMC - PubMed
Welk 2015 {published data only}
    1. Welk G J Chen S Nam Y H Weber T E. A formative evaluation of the SWITCH obesity prevention program: print versus online programming. BMC Obesity 2015;2:20. - PMC - PubMed
Wen 2015 {published data only}
    1. Wen L M Baur L A Simpson J M Xu H Hayes A J Hardy L L Williams M Rissel C. Sustainability of Effects of an Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Trial Over Time: A Further 3-Year Follow-up of the Healthy Beginnings Trial. JAMA Pediatrics 2015;169(6):543-51. - PubMed
Wendel 2016 {published data only}
    1. Wendel M L Benden M E Zhao H Jeffrey C. Stand-Biased Versus Seated Classrooms and Childhood Obesity: A Randomized Experiment in Texas. American Journal of Public Health 2016;106(10):1849-54. - PMC - PubMed
Wessel 2015 {published data only}
    1. Wessel J O'Kelly-Phillips E Palmer K Saha C Hannon T Carroll A Marrero D G. Comparative effectiveness study of the diabetes prevention program in families: preliminary results. In: Circulation. Vol. 131. 2015.
Wessel 2015a {published data only}
    1. Wessel J Phillips E Palmer K Saha C Hannon T S Carroll A Marrero D G. Comparative effectiveness trial of the diabetes prevention program in families. Diabetes 2015;64:A633.
Wieland 2016 {published data only}
    1. Wieland M L Weis J A Hanza M M Meiers S J Patten C A Clark M M Sloan J A Novotny P J Njeru J W Abbenyi A Levine J A Goodson M Porraz Capetillo M G Osman A Hared A Nigon J A Sia I G. Healthy immigrant families: Participatory development and baseline characteristics of a community-based physical activity and nutrition intervention. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2016;47:22-31. - PMC - PubMed
Wilken 2013 {published data only}
    1. Wilken L R Novotny R Fialkowski M K Boushey C J Nigg C Paulino Y Leon Guerrero R Bersamin A Vargo D Kim J Deenik J. Children's Healthy Living (CHL) Program for remote underserved minority populations in the Pacific region: rationale and design of a community randomized trial to prevent early childhood obesity. BMC Public Health 2013;13:944. - PMC - PubMed
Wilksch 2017 {published data only}
    1. Wilksch S M Paxton S J Byrne S M Austin S B O'Shea A Wade T D. Outcomes of three universal eating disorder risk reduction programs by participants with higher and lower baseline shape and weight concern. International Journal of Eating Disorders 2017;50(1):66-75. - PubMed
Wolfenden 2016b {published data only}
    1. Wolfenden L Wiggers J Morgan P Razak L A Jones J Finch M Sutherland R Lecathelinais C Gillham K Yoong S L. A randomised controlled trial of multiple periods of outdoor free-play to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among 3 to 6 year old children attending childcare: study protocol. BMC Public Health 2016;16:926. - PMC - PubMed
Wright 2016 {published data only}
    1. Wright C M Duquesnay P J Anzman-Frasca S Chomitz V R Chui K Economos C D Langevin E G Nelson M E Sacheck J M. Study protocol: the Fueling Learning through Exercise (FLEX) study - a randomized controlled trial of the impact of school-based physical activity programs on children's physical activity, cognitive function, and academic achievement. BMC Public Health 2016;16(1):1078. - PMC - PubMed
Xin 2016 {published data only}
    1. Xin H Qing Y Zhiyong W Huafeng Y Shengxiang Q Xupeng C Fei X. Effectiveness of lifestyle intervention to prevent obesity among primary school students in Nanjing, China. Obesity Reviews 2016;17:123-4.
Xu 2015 {published data only}
    1. Xu F Ware R S Leslie E Tse L A Wang Z Li J Wang Y. Effectiveness of a Randomized Controlled Lifestyle Intervention to Prevent Obesity among Chinese Primary School Students: CLICK-Obesity Study. PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource] 2015;10(10):e0141421. - PMC - PubMed
Xu 2016 {published data only}
    1. Xu F Wang Z Ye Q Ah Tse L Xue H Tan Z Wang Y. Policy-oriented, school-based physical activity intervention to prevent childhood obesity in China (the health legacy project of the second Summer Youth Olympic Games): A cluster randomised trial. The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology 2016;3:S9.
Xu 2017 {published data only}
    1. Xu H Li Y Zhang Q Hu X L Liu A Du S Li T Guo H Li Y Xu G Liu W Ma J Ma G. Comprehensive school-based intervention to control overweight and obesity in China: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2017;26(6):1139-51. - PubMed
Yoshinaga 2016 {published data only}
    1. Yoshinaga M Ogata H Aoki M Ito Y Hamajima T Miyazaki A Tokuda M Lin L Horigome H Takahashi H Nagashima M. Efficacy of walking as a lifestyle modification approach for childhood obesity. A randomized controlled trial. European Heart Journal 2016;37(Supplement 1):248.
Zafiropulos 2015 {published data only}
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Zota 2016 {published data only}
    1. Zota D Dalma A Petralias A Lykou A Kastorini C M Yannakoulia M Karnaki P Belogianni K Veloudaki A Riza E Malik R Linos A. Promotion of healthy nutrition among students participating in a school food aid program: a randomized trial. International Journal of Public Health 2016;61(5):583-92. - PubMed

References to ongoing studies

Adab 2015b {published data only}
    1. Adab P, Pallan MJ, Lancashire ER, Hemming K, Frew E, Griffin T, et al. A cluster-randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a childhood obesity prevention programme delivered through schools, targeting 6–7 year old children: the WAVES study protocol. BMC Public Health 2015;15:488. - PMC - PubMed
Adams 2012 {published data only}
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Barlow 2008 {unpublished data only}
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Bundy 2011 {published data only}
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Draper 2010 {published data only}
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Dreyhaupt 2012 {published data only}
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Flattum 2015 {published data only}
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Glazebrook 2011 {published data only}
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Hesketh 2013 {published data only}
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Horodynski 2011a {published data only}
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Horodynski 2011b {published data only}
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Miller 2012 {published data only}
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Murphy 2013 {published data only}
    1. Murphy M, Porter J, Yusuf H, Ntouva A, Newton T, Kolliakou A, et al. Considerations and lessons learned from designing a motivational interviewing obesity intervention for young people attending dental practices: a study protocol paper. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2013;36(1):126-34. - PubMed
Myers 2014 {published data only}
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Olsen 2012 {published data only}
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Ostbye 2015 {published data only}
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Paul 2014 {published data only}
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Po'e 2013 {published data only}
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Reifsnider 2013 {published data only}
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Sanchez‐Gomez 2012 {published data only}
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Taylor 2011 {published data only}
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Tovar 2013 {published data only}
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Xu 2012 {published data only}
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Zoorob 2013 {published data only}
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