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Comparative Study
. 2019 Aug 6;8(15):e012121.
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012121. Epub 2019 Jul 23.

Age-Related Trends in Home Blood Pressure, Home Pulse Rate, and Day-to-Day Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Variability Based on Longitudinal Cohort Data: The Ohasama Study

Michihiro Satoh  1 , Hirohito Metoki  1   2   3 , Kei Asayama  3   4 , Takahisa Murakami  1   5 , Ryusuke Inoue  6 , Megumi Tsubota-Utsugi  7 , Ayako Matsuda  4 , Takuo Hirose  8 , Azusa Hara  9 , Taku Obara  10   11 , Masahiro Kikuya  10   4 , Kyoko Nomura  12 , Atsushi Hozawa  10 , Yutaka Imai  3 , Takayoshi Ohkubo  3   4
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Age-Related Trends in Home Blood Pressure, Home Pulse Rate, and Day-to-Day Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Variability Based on Longitudinal Cohort Data: The Ohasama Study

Michihiro Satoh et al. J Am Heart Assoc. .

Abstract

Background Home blood pressure is a more accurate prognosticator than office blood pressure and allows the observation of day-to-day blood pressure variability. Information on blood pressure change during the life course links the prediction of blood pressure elevation with age. We prospectively assessed age-related trends in home blood pressure, home pulse rate, and their day-to-day variability evaluated as a coefficient of variation. Methods and Results We examined 1665 participants (men, 36.0%; mean age, 56.2 years) from the general population of Ohasama, Japan. A repeated-measures mixed linear model was used to estimate the age-related trends. In a mean of 15.9 years, we observed 5438 points of measurements including those at baseline. The home systolic blood pressure linearly increased with age and was higher in men than in women aged <70 years. There was an inverse-U-shaped age-related trend in home diastolic blood pressure. The day-to-day home systolic blood pressure linearly increased with age in individuals aged >40 years. However, an U-shaped age-related trend in day-to-day diastolic blood pressure variability with the nadir point at 65 to 69 years of age was observed. No significant sex differences in the day-to-day blood pressure variability were observed (P≥0.22). The average and day-to-day variability of home pulse rate decreased with age but were lower and higher, respectively, in men than in women. Conclusions The current descriptive data are needed to predict future home blood pressure and pulse rate. The data also provide information on the mechanism of day-to-day blood pressure and pulse rate variability.

Keywords: blood pressure; blood pressure measurement/monitoring; epidemiology; heart rate/heart rate variability; home blood pressure.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Age‐related trends in home BPs according to sex. The mixed model included age, sex, interaction term (age×sex), and the following parameters at baseline: body mass index, current smoking status, alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, history of cardiovascular disease, and antihypertensive medication use. BP indicates blood pressure. *P<0.05 vs women after adjusting with Tukey–Kramer test.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Age‐related trends in CVs of home BPs according to sex. The mixed model included the same variables as those indicated in Figure 1. Bars indicate standard errors. There was no significant difference between women and men. BP indicates blood pressure; CV, coefficient of variation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Age‐related trends in home PR and CV of home PR according to sex. The mixed model included the same variables as those indicated in Figure 1. Bars indicate standard errors. CV indicates coefficient of variation; PR, pulse rate. *P<0.05 vs women after adjusting with Tukey–Kramer test.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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