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Review
. 2019 Jul-Sep;10(3):95-99.
doi: 10.4103/japtr.JAPTR_336_18.

Nephrotoxicity: Role and significance of renal biomarkers in the early detection of acute renal injury

Marwa S Al-Naimi  1 , Huda A Rasheed  1 , Nawar R Hussien  1 , Hayder M Al-Kuraishy  2 , Ali I Al-Gareeb  2
Affiliations
Review

Nephrotoxicity: Role and significance of renal biomarkers in the early detection of acute renal injury

Marwa S Al-Naimi et al. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2019 Jul-Sep.

Abstract

Nephrotoxicity is defining as rapid deterioration in the kidney function due to toxic effect of medications and chemicals. There are various forms, and some drugs may affect renal function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity. Different mechanisms lead to nephrotoxicity, including renal tubular toxicity, inflammation, glomerular damage, crystal nephropathy, and thrombotic microangiopathy. The traditional markers of nephrotoxicity and renal dysfunction are blood urea and serum creatinine which are regarded as low sensitive in the detection of early renal damage. Thus, the detection of the initial renal injures required new biomarkers which are more sensitive and highly specific that gives an insight into the site of underlying renal damage. Kidney injury molecule-1, Cystatin C, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin sera levels are more sensitive than blood urea and serum creatinine in the detection of acute kidney injury during nephrotoxicity.

Keywords: Cystatin C; glomerular damage; nephrotoxicity.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Biomarkers of acute injury damage and their predicted sites (Fuchs and Hewitt; 2011)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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