Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries

Nuno Queiroz^{1

2}, Nicolas E Humphries², Ana Couto¹, Marisa Vedor^{1

3}, Ivo da Costa¹, Ana M M Sequeira^{4

5}, Gonzalo Mucientes¹, António M Santos^{1

3}, Francisco J Abascal⁶, Debra L Abercrombie⁷, Katya Abrantes⁸, David Acuña-Marrero⁹, André S Afonso^{10

11}, Pedro Afonso^{12

13

14}, Darrell Anders¹⁵, Gonzalo Araujo¹⁶, Randall Arauz^{17

18

19}, Pascal Bach²⁰, Adam Barnett⁸, Diego Bernal²¹, Michael L Berumen²², Sandra Bessudo Lion^{19

23}, Natalia P A Bezerra¹⁰, Antonin V Blaison²⁰, Barbara A Block²⁴, Mark E Bond²⁵, Ramón Bonfil²⁶, Russell W Bradford²⁷, Camrin D Braun²⁸, Edward J Brooks²⁹, Annabelle Brooks^{29

30}, Judith Brown³¹, Barry D Bruce²⁷, Michael E Byrne^{32

33}, Steven E Campana³⁴, Aaron B Carlisle³⁵, Demian D Chapman²⁵, Taylor K Chapple²⁴, John Chisholm³⁶, Christopher R Clarke³⁷, Eric G Clua³⁸, Jesse E M Cochran²², Estelle C Crochelet^{39

40}, Laurent Dagorn²⁰, Ryan Daly^{41

42}, Daniel Devia Cortés⁴³, Thomas K Doyle^{44

45}, Michael Drew⁴⁶, Clinton A J Duffy⁴⁷, Thor Erikson⁴⁸, Eduardo Espinoza^{19

49}, Luciana C Ferreira⁵⁰, Francesco Ferretti²⁴, John D Filmalter^{20

42}, G Chris Fischer⁵¹, Richard Fitzpatrick⁸, Jorge Fontes^{12

13

14}, Fabien Forget²⁰, Mark Fowler⁵², Malcolm P Francis⁵³, Austin J Gallagher^{54

55}, Enrico Gennari^{42

56

57}, Simon D Goldsworthy⁵⁸, Matthew J Gollock⁵⁹, Jonathan R Green⁶⁰, Johan A Gustafson⁶¹, Tristan L Guttridge⁶², Hector M Guzman⁶³, Neil Hammerschlag^{55

64}, Luke Harman⁴⁴, Fábio H V Hazin¹⁰, Matthew Heard⁴⁶, Alex R Hearn^{19

65

66}, John C Holdsworth⁶⁷, Bonnie J Holmes⁶⁸, Lucy A Howey⁶⁹, Mauricio Hoyos^{19

70}, Robert E Hueter⁷¹, Nigel E Hussey⁷², Charlie Huveneers⁴⁶, Dylan T Irion⁷³, David M P Jacoby⁷⁴, Oliver J D Jewell^{75

76}, Ryan Johnson⁷⁷, Lance K B Jordan⁶⁹, Salvador J Jorgensen⁷⁸, Warren Joyce⁵², Clare A Keating Daly⁴¹, James T Ketchum^{19

70}, A Peter Klimley^{19

79}, Alison A Kock^{42

80

81

82}, Pieter Koen⁸³, Felipe Ladino²³, Fernanda O Lana⁸⁴, James S E Lea^{37

85}, Fiona Llewellyn⁵⁹, Warrick S Lyon⁵³, Anna MacDonnell⁵², Bruno C L Macena^{10

13}, Heather Marshall^{21

86}, Jaime D McAllister⁸⁷, Rory McAuley^{88

89}, Michael A Meÿer¹⁵, John J Morris⁷¹, Emily R Nelson⁵⁵, Yannis P Papastamatiou²⁵, Toby A Patterson²⁷, Cesar Peñaherrera-Palma^{19

90}, Julian G Pepperell⁹¹, Simon J Pierce⁹², Francois Poisson²⁰, Lina Maria Quintero²³, Andrew J Richardson⁹³, Paul J Rogers⁵⁸, Christoph A Rohner⁹², David R L Rowat⁹⁴, Melita Samoilys⁹⁵, Jayson M Semmens⁸⁷, Marcus Sheaves⁸, George Shillinger^{19

24

96}, Mahmood Shivji³², Sarika Singh¹⁵, Gregory B Skomal³⁶, Malcolm J Smale⁹⁷, Laurenne B Snyders¹⁵, German Soler^{19

23

87}, Marc Soria²⁰, Kilian M Stehfest⁸⁷, John D Stevens²⁷, Simon R Thorrold⁹⁸, Mariana T Tolotti²⁰, Alison Towner^{57

76}, Paulo Travassos¹⁰, John P Tyminski⁷¹, Frederic Vandeperre^{12

13

14}, Jeremy J Vaudo³², Yuuki Y Watanabe^{99

100}, Sam B Weber¹⁰¹, Bradley M Wetherbee^{32

102}, Timothy D White²⁴, Sean Williams²⁹, Patricia M Zárate^{19

103}, Robert Harcourt¹⁰⁴, Graeme C Hays¹⁰⁵, Mark G Meekan⁵⁰, Michele Thums⁵⁰, Xabier Irigoien^{106

107}, Victor M Eguiluz¹⁰⁸, Carlos M Duarte²², Lara L Sousa^{2

109}, Samantha J Simpson^{2

110}, Emily J Southall², David W Sims^{111

112

113}

Affiliations

¹ Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
² Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, UK.
³ Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
⁴ UWA Oceans Institute, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
⁵ School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
⁶ Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
⁷ Abercrombie and Fish, Port Jefferson Station, Jefferson, NY, USA.
⁸ Marine Biology and Aquaculture Unit, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
⁹ School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
¹⁰ Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Recife, Brazil.
¹¹ MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal.
¹² MARE, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Portugal.
¹³ Institute of Marine Research (IMAR), Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal.
¹⁴ Okeanos - Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal.
¹⁵ Department of Environmental Affairs, Oceans and Coasts Research, Cape Town, South Africa.
¹⁶ Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, Philippines.
¹⁷ Fins Attached Marine Research and Conservation, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.
¹⁸ Programa Restauración de Tortugas Marinas PRETOMA, San José, Costa Rica.
¹⁹ MigraMar, Olema, CA, USA.
²⁰ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC (IRD, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, CNRS), Sète, France.
²¹ Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA.
²² Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
²³ Fundación Malpelo y Otros Ecosistemas Marinos, Bogota, Colombia.
²⁴ Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.
²⁵ Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
²⁶ Océanos Vivientes, Mexico City, Mexico.
²⁷ CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
²⁸ Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA.
²⁹ Shark Research and Conservation Program, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, Bahamas.
³⁰ University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
³¹ South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, Falkland Islands.
³² Department of Biological Sciences, The Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA.
³³ School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
³⁴ Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
³⁵ School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, USA.
³⁶ Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA, USA.
³⁷ Marine Research Facility, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
³⁸ PSL, Labex CORAIL, CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, Papetō'ai, French Polynesia.
³⁹ Agence de Recherche pour la Biodiversité à la Réunion (ARBRE), Saint-Denis, Réunion, Marseille, France.
⁴⁰ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 228 ESPACE-DEV, Saint-Denis, Réunion, Marseille, France.
⁴¹ Save Our Seas Foundation-D'Arros Research Centre (SOSF-DRC), Geneva, Switzerland.
⁴² South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, South Africa.
⁴³ Department of Fisheries Evaluation, Fisheries Research Division, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Valparaíso, Chile.
⁴⁴ School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
⁴⁵ MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
⁴⁶ College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁴⁷ Department of Conservation, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁴⁸ Geological Sciences, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Durban, South Africa.
⁴⁹ Direccion Parque Nacional Galapagos, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador.
⁵⁰ Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (UWA), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
⁵¹ OCEARCH, Park City, UT, USA.
⁵² Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.
⁵³ National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand.
⁵⁴ Beneath the Waves, Herndon, VA, USA.
⁵⁵ Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
⁵⁶ Oceans Research, Mossel Bay, South Africa.
⁵⁷ Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
⁵⁸ SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁵⁹ Zoological Society of London, London, UK.
⁶⁰ Galapagos Whale Shark Project, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador.
⁶¹ Griffith Centre for Coastal Management, Griffith University School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
⁶² Bimini Biological Field Station, South Bimini, Bahamas.
⁶³ Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama.
⁶⁴ Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
⁶⁵ Galapagos Science Center, San Cristobal, Ecuador.
⁶⁶ Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
⁶⁷ Blue Water Marine Research, Tutukaka, New Zealand.
⁶⁸ University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
⁶⁹ Microwave Telemetry, Columbia, MD, USA.
⁷⁰ Pelagios-Kakunja, La Paz, Mexico.
⁷¹ Mote Marine Laboratory, Center for Shark Research, Sarasota, FL, USA.
⁷² Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
⁷³ Cape Research and Diver Development, Simon's Town, South Africa.
⁷⁴ Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.
⁷⁵ Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
⁷⁶ Dyer Island Conservation Trust, Kleinbaai, South Africa.
⁷⁷ Blue Wilderness Research Unit, Scottburgh, South Africa.
⁷⁸ Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA, USA.
⁷⁹ University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
⁸⁰ Cape Research Centre, South African National Parks, Steenberg, South Africa.
⁸¹ Shark Spotters, Fish Hoek, South Africa.
⁸² Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁸³ Veterinary Services, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, South Africa.
⁸⁴ Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.
⁸⁵ Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
⁸⁶ Atlantic White Shark Conservancy, Chatham, MA, USA.
⁸⁷ Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
⁸⁸ Department of Fisheries, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
⁸⁹ Minderoo Foundation, Flourishing Oceans Initiative, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
⁹⁰ Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Manabi, Portoviejo, Ecuador.
⁹¹ Pepperell Research and Consulting, Noosa, Queensland, Australia.
⁹² Marine Megafauna Foundation, Truckee, CA, USA.
⁹³ Conservation and Fisheries Department, Ascension Island Government, Georgetown, Ascension Island, UK.
⁹⁴ Marine Conservation Society Seychelles, Victoria, Seychelles.
⁹⁵ CORDIO, Mombasa, Kenya.
⁹⁶ Upwell, Monterey, CA, USA.
⁹⁷ Department of Zoology and Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
⁹⁸ Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
⁹⁹ National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁰⁰ Department of Polar Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁰¹ Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.
¹⁰² Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.
¹⁰³ Department of Oceanography and Environment, Fisheries Research Division, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Valparaíso, Chile.
¹⁰⁴ Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁰⁵ School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
¹⁰⁶ AZTI - Marine Research, Pasaia, Spain.
¹⁰⁷ IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
¹⁰⁸ Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
¹⁰⁹ Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tubney, UK.
¹¹⁰ Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
¹¹¹ Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, UK. dws@mba.ac.uk.
¹¹² Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. dws@mba.ac.uk.
¹¹³ Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. dws@mba.ac.uk.

PMID: 31340216
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1444-4

Free article

Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries

Nuno Queiroz et al. Nature. 2019 Aug.

Free article

. 2019 Aug;572(7770):461-466.

doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1444-4. Epub 2019 Jul 24.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
² Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, UK.
³ Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
⁴ UWA Oceans Institute, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
⁵ School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
⁶ Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
⁷ Abercrombie and Fish, Port Jefferson Station, Jefferson, NY, USA.
⁸ Marine Biology and Aquaculture Unit, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
⁹ School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
¹⁰ Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Recife, Brazil.
¹¹ MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal.
¹² MARE, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Portugal.
¹³ Institute of Marine Research (IMAR), Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal.
¹⁴ Okeanos - Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal.
¹⁵ Department of Environmental Affairs, Oceans and Coasts Research, Cape Town, South Africa.
¹⁶ Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, Philippines.
¹⁷ Fins Attached Marine Research and Conservation, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.
¹⁸ Programa Restauración de Tortugas Marinas PRETOMA, San José, Costa Rica.
¹⁹ MigraMar, Olema, CA, USA.
²⁰ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC (IRD, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, CNRS), Sète, France.
²¹ Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA.
²² Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
²³ Fundación Malpelo y Otros Ecosistemas Marinos, Bogota, Colombia.
²⁴ Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.
²⁵ Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
²⁶ Océanos Vivientes, Mexico City, Mexico.
²⁷ CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
²⁸ Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA.
²⁹ Shark Research and Conservation Program, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, Bahamas.
³⁰ University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
³¹ South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, Falkland Islands.
³² Department of Biological Sciences, The Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA.
³³ School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
³⁴ Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
³⁵ School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, USA.
³⁶ Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA, USA.
³⁷ Marine Research Facility, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
³⁸ PSL, Labex CORAIL, CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, Papetō'ai, French Polynesia.
³⁹ Agence de Recherche pour la Biodiversité à la Réunion (ARBRE), Saint-Denis, Réunion, Marseille, France.
⁴⁰ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 228 ESPACE-DEV, Saint-Denis, Réunion, Marseille, France.
⁴¹ Save Our Seas Foundation-D'Arros Research Centre (SOSF-DRC), Geneva, Switzerland.
⁴² South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, South Africa.
⁴³ Department of Fisheries Evaluation, Fisheries Research Division, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Valparaíso, Chile.
⁴⁴ School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
⁴⁵ MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
⁴⁶ College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁴⁷ Department of Conservation, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁴⁸ Geological Sciences, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Durban, South Africa.
⁴⁹ Direccion Parque Nacional Galapagos, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador.
⁵⁰ Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (UWA), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
⁵¹ OCEARCH, Park City, UT, USA.
⁵² Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.
⁵³ National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand.
⁵⁴ Beneath the Waves, Herndon, VA, USA.
⁵⁵ Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
⁵⁶ Oceans Research, Mossel Bay, South Africa.
⁵⁷ Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
⁵⁸ SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁵⁹ Zoological Society of London, London, UK.
⁶⁰ Galapagos Whale Shark Project, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador.
⁶¹ Griffith Centre for Coastal Management, Griffith University School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
⁶² Bimini Biological Field Station, South Bimini, Bahamas.
⁶³ Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama.
⁶⁴ Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
⁶⁵ Galapagos Science Center, San Cristobal, Ecuador.
⁶⁶ Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
⁶⁷ Blue Water Marine Research, Tutukaka, New Zealand.
⁶⁸ University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
⁶⁹ Microwave Telemetry, Columbia, MD, USA.
⁷⁰ Pelagios-Kakunja, La Paz, Mexico.
⁷¹ Mote Marine Laboratory, Center for Shark Research, Sarasota, FL, USA.
⁷² Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
⁷³ Cape Research and Diver Development, Simon's Town, South Africa.
⁷⁴ Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.
⁷⁵ Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
⁷⁶ Dyer Island Conservation Trust, Kleinbaai, South Africa.
⁷⁷ Blue Wilderness Research Unit, Scottburgh, South Africa.
⁷⁸ Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA, USA.
⁷⁹ University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
⁸⁰ Cape Research Centre, South African National Parks, Steenberg, South Africa.
⁸¹ Shark Spotters, Fish Hoek, South Africa.
⁸² Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁸³ Veterinary Services, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, South Africa.
⁸⁴ Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.
⁸⁵ Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
⁸⁶ Atlantic White Shark Conservancy, Chatham, MA, USA.
⁸⁷ Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
⁸⁸ Department of Fisheries, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
⁸⁹ Minderoo Foundation, Flourishing Oceans Initiative, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
⁹⁰ Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Manabi, Portoviejo, Ecuador.
⁹¹ Pepperell Research and Consulting, Noosa, Queensland, Australia.
⁹² Marine Megafauna Foundation, Truckee, CA, USA.
⁹³ Conservation and Fisheries Department, Ascension Island Government, Georgetown, Ascension Island, UK.
⁹⁴ Marine Conservation Society Seychelles, Victoria, Seychelles.
⁹⁵ CORDIO, Mombasa, Kenya.
⁹⁶ Upwell, Monterey, CA, USA.
⁹⁷ Department of Zoology and Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
⁹⁸ Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
⁹⁹ National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁰⁰ Department of Polar Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁰¹ Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.
¹⁰² Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.
¹⁰³ Department of Oceanography and Environment, Fisheries Research Division, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Valparaíso, Chile.
¹⁰⁴ Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁰⁵ School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
¹⁰⁶ AZTI - Marine Research, Pasaia, Spain.
¹⁰⁷ IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
¹⁰⁸ Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
¹⁰⁹ Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tubney, UK.
¹¹⁰ Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
¹¹¹ Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, UK. dws@mba.ac.uk.
¹¹² Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. dws@mba.ac.uk.
¹¹³ Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. dws@mba.ac.uk.

PMID: 31340216
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1444-4

Abstract

Effective ocean management and the conservation of highly migratory species depend on resolving the overlap between animal movements and distributions, and fishing effort. However, this information is lacking at a global scale. Here we show, using a big-data approach that combines satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and global fishing fleets, that 24% of the mean monthly space used by sharks falls under the footprint of pelagic longline fisheries. Space-use hotspots of commercially valuable sharks and of internationally protected species had the highest overlap with longlines (up to 76% and 64%, respectively), and were also associated with significant increases in fishing effort. We conclude that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of fishing effort in marine areas beyond national jurisdictions (the high seas). Our results demonstrate an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas hotspots of shark space use, and highlight the potential of simultaneous satellite surveillance of megafauna and fishers as a tool for near-real-time, dynamic management.

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Comment in

Industrial fishing boats leave few safe havens for sharks on the high seas.
Baum JK. Baum JK. Nature. 2019 Aug;572(7770):449-450. doi: 10.1038/d41586-019-02357-2. Nature. 2019. PMID: 31427796 No abstract available.
Caution over the use of ecological big data for conservation.
Harry AV, Braccini JM. Harry AV, et al. Nature. 2021 Jul;595(7866):E17-E19. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03463-w. Epub 2021 Jul 7. Nature. 2021. PMID: 34234327 No abstract available.
Shark mortality cannot be assessed by fishery overlap alone.
Murua H, Griffiths SP, Hobday AJ, Clarke SC, Cortés E, Gilman EL, Santiago J, Arrizabalaga H, de Bruyn P, Lopez J, Aires-da-Silva AM, Restrepo V. Murua H, et al. Nature. 2021 Jul;595(7866):E4-E7. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03396-4. Epub 2021 Jul 7. Nature. 2021. PMID: 34234329 No abstract available.

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Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries

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