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. 2019 Jul 23;11(7):1687.
doi: 10.3390/nu11071687.

Combination of Healthy Lifestyle Factors on the Risk of Hypertension in a Large Cohort of French Adults

Helene Lelong  1   2 , Jacques Blacher  3   4 , Julia Baudry  4 , Solia Adriouch  4 , Pilar Galan  4 , Leopold Fezeu  4 , Serge Hercberg  4   5 , Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot  4
Affiliations

Combination of Healthy Lifestyle Factors on the Risk of Hypertension in a Large Cohort of French Adults

Helene Lelong et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Background: Healthy lifestyle factors are widely recommended for hypertension prevention and control. Nevertheless, little is known about their combined impact on hypertension, in the general population. Our aim was to compute a Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI) comprising the main non-pharmacological measures usually recommended to improve hypertension prevention: normal weight, regular physical activity, limited alcohol consumption, adoption of a healthy diet; to evaluate their combined impact on hypertension incidence.

Methods: We prospectively followed the incidence of hypertension among 80,426 French adults participating in the NutriNet-Santé cohort study. Self-reported dietary, socio-demographic, lifestyle and health data were assessed at baseline and yearly using a dedicated website; the association between HLI and hypertension risk was assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, family history of hypertension, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Hypothetical Population Attributable Risks associated to each factor were estimated.

Results: During a median follow-up of 3.5 years (IQR: 1.5-5.3), 2413 incident cases of hypertension were identified. Compared with no or one healthy lifestyle factor, the hazard ratios (HR) for hypertension were 0.76 (95% CI, 0.67-0.85) for two factors, 0.47 (95% CI, 0.42-0.53) for three factors and 0.35 (95% CI, 0.30-0.41) for all healthy lifestyle factors (p-trend <0.0001). Compared with adhering to 0, 1, 2 or 3 healthy lifestyles, adhering to all of them was found associated with a reduction of the hypertension risk of half (HR = 0.55 (95% CI, 0.46-0.65)).

Conclusion: Active promotion of healthy lifestyle factors at population level is a key leverage to fight the hypertension epidemic.

Keywords: epidemiology; hypertension; lifestyle; nutrition.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of incident Hypertension according to increasing number of Healthy Lifestyle Factors (HLI).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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