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Review
. 2019 Oct;40(7):1359-1366.
doi: 10.1007/s00246-019-02164-6. Epub 2019 Jul 24.

Phases and Mechanisms of Embryonic Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Ventricular Wall Morphogenesis

Yaacov Barak  1 , Myriam Hemberger  2 , Henry M Sucov  3
Affiliations
Review

Phases and Mechanisms of Embryonic Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Ventricular Wall Morphogenesis

Yaacov Barak et al. Pediatr Cardiol. 2019 Oct.

Erratum in

Abstract

If viewed as a movie, heart morphogenesis appears to unfold in a continuous and seamless manner. At the mechanistic level, however, a series of discreet and separable processes sequentially underlie heart development. This is evident in examining the expansion of the ventricular wall, which accounts for most of the contractile force of each heartbeat. Ventricular wall expansion is driven by cardiomyocyte proliferation coupled with a morphogenetic program that causes wall thickening rather than lengthening. Although most studies of these processes have focused on heart-intrinsic processes, it is increasingly clear that extracardiac events influence or even direct heart morphogenesis. In this review, we specifically consider mechanisms responsible for coordinating cardiomyocyte proliferation and ventricular wall expansion in mammalian development, relying primarily on studies from mouse development where a wealth of molecular and genetic data have been accumulated.

Keywords: Cardiomyocyte proliferation; Congenital heart defects; Epicardium; IGF2; Placenta–heart.

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Conflict of interest statement

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Conflict of interest: All authors declare that he/she have no conflicts of interest.

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