Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Plasma Factor V Activity and Parameters in Thrombin Generation for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Patients with Hematological Malignancies

Abstract

In this study, we used plasma factor V activity and parameters of the thrombin generation test to discuss their diagnostic and prognostic value for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in patients with hematological malignancies. A total of 164 patients who were diagnosed with hematological malignancies in the Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, between Apr. 2014 and Dec. 2014 were enrolled in this study. There were 131 patients in the study group and 33 patients in the control group in terms of the laboratory results for DIC. The patients in the study group were divided into a DIC subgroup (n=59) and a non-DIC subgroup (n=72) based on the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) Integral System, and they were divided into four subgroups [score ≤3 (n=35), score=4 (n=37), score=5 (n=47), and score ≥6 (n=12)] according to ISTH scores. Using 28-day mortality as the endpoint, the patients in the study group were divided into a survival subgroup (n=111) and a non-survival subgroup (n=20). The results showed that the plasma factor V activity was significantly weaker, and lag time and time to peak were significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group (P<0.01). The factor V activity, peak and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) were significantly decreased in the DIC subgroup as compared with those in the non-DIC subgroup (P<0.01). Among factor V activity, lag time, peak, ETP, and ttPeak, only the factor V activity was significantly decreased in the non-survival subgroup compared with the survival subgroup (P<0.01). With the increase in ISTH score, the ETP and peak decreased gradually. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that PLT, D-dimer, factor V activity and ETP had linear relationship with DIC diagnosed by ISTH Integral System. Using DIC diagnosed by ISTH Integral System as the endpoint, the area under curve (AUC) of factor V activity was found to be similar to that of blood platelet count (PLT) and prothrombin time (PT). In conclusion, factor V activity, ETP and peak had diagnostic value for DIC in patients with hematological malignancies, and only factor V activity had limited prognostic value.

Keywords: disseminated intravascular coagulation; factor V activity; hematological malignancies; thrombin generation test.