Pancreatic resections in elderly patients with high American Society of Anesthesiologists' risk score: a view from a tertiary care center

Abstract

Background: More than 60% of patients affected by pancreatic cancer are ≥ 65 years of age. Surgery represents the only potentially curative treatment for malignant pancreatic neoplasia and a useful treatment for benign diseases.

Aim: To evaluate outcomes in elderly patients with ASA risk score 4 who underwent pancreatic resection compared to younger patients and elderly patients with lower anesthesiological risk.

Methods: A consecutive series of 345 patients underwent pancreatic resection between 2010 and 2017 was reviewed. We compared three groups based on age at the time of surgery: < 65 years (group A), 65-74 years (group B), and ≥ 75 years (group C). Patients in group C were split into two subgroups, ASA 1-3 versus ASA 4, and compared.

Results: Group A consisted of 117 (34%) patients, group B 128 (37%) patients, and group C 100 (29%) patients. Group C had a significantly higher incidence of comorbidity and ASA 4 status (p < 0.05), and of overall post-operative complications (p < 0.01), because of the higher incidence of post-operative medical complications. No differences in terms of overall surgical complications and post-operative mortality were reported. The mean overall survival was significantly lower for group C (p < 0.01), with no difference in mortality for cancer. Within group C, no differences were reported regarding surgical complications (p = 0.59), mortality (p = 0.34), and mean overall survival (p = 0.53) between ASA 1-3 and ASA 4 patients.

Conclusions: Advanced age should not preclude elderly patients with pancreatic diseases from being treated surgically, and ASA 4 in subjects aged ≥ 75 years should not be an absolute contraindication.

Keywords: ASA 4; Elderly; Pancreatic cancer; Pancreatic malignancies; Pancreatic resections.