Glycyrrhizic acid-loaded pH-sensitive poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for the amelioration of inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

Aim: To fabricate and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid (GA)-loaded pH-sensitive nanoformulations that specifically target and combat mucosal inflammation of the colon. Methods: GA-loaded Eudragit^® S100/poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles were developed through modified double-emulsion evaporation coupled with solvent evaporation coating techniques and analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, surface chemistry, release kinetics, site-retention and therapeutic effectiveness. Results: Nanoparticles have a particle size of approximately 200 nm, high encapsulation efficiency, desired surface chemistry with pH-dependent and sustained drug release behavior following the Gompertz kinetic model. In vivo retention and therapeutic effectiveness in the inflamed colon tissues were confirmed by macroscopic and microscopic indices, cytokine analysis and antioxidant assays. Conclusion: GA-loaded Eudragit S100/poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles could efficiently deliver GA to the colon and ameliorate the mucosal inflammation for a prolonged duration.

Keywords: DSS-induced colitis; PLGA nanoparticles; antioxidant assay; colon targeting; gastroenterology; glycyrrhizic acid; kinetic models; pH-sensitive nanoparticles; sustained release nanoparticles; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.